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@ARTICLE{Amitay:180172,
      author       = {E. Amitay$^*$ and T. Niedermaier$^*$ and E. Alwers$^*$ and
                      J. Chang-Claude$^*$ and M. Hoffmeister$^*$ and H.
                      Brenner$^*$},
      title        = {{R}eproductive factors and colorectal cancer risk: {A}
                      {P}opulation-based case-control study.},
      journal      = {JNCI cancer spectrum},
      volume       = {6},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2515-5091},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2022-01144},
      pages        = {pkac042},
      year         = {2022},
      note         = {#EA:C070#LA:C070#LA:C120# / 2022 Jul 1;6(4):pkac042},
      abstract     = {Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with lower
                      colorectal cancer (CRC) risk among postmenopausal women.
                      However, little is known about effects of lifetime exposure
                      of women to varying levels of estrogen and progesterone
                      through reproductive factors such as parity, use of oral
                      contraceptives (OC), breastfeeding and menstruation on CRC
                      risk.We assessed associations between reproductive factors
                      and CRC risk among 2650 female CRC patients aged 30+ years
                      and 2175 matched controls in a population-based study in
                      Germany, adjusting for potential confounders by multiple
                      logistic regression.Inverse associations with CRC risk were
                      found for numbers of pregnancies (OR per pregnancy=0.91,
                      $95\%CI$ 0.86-0.97), breastfeeding for ≥12 months (OR =
                      0.74, $95\%CI$ 0.61-0.90), use of either OC or HRT (OR =
                      0.75, $95\%CI$ 0.64-0.87) or both (OR = 0.58, $95\%CI$
                      0.48-0.70). Similar results were found for postmenopausal
                      women only and when adjusting for number of pregnancies and
                      for all reproductive factors analyzed together.
                      Breastfeeding duration of ≥ 12 months was associated with
                      lower risk of cancer only in the proximal colon (OR = 0.58,
                      $95\%CI$ 0.45-0.74).Several reproductive factors were
                      associated with lower CRC risk in women, including number of
                      pregnancies, breastfeeding duration and use of OC and HRT.
                      This suggests that women's exposure to female reproductive
                      hormones play a key role in the difference in CRC risk
                      between women and men and in site-specific CRC risk.},
      keywords     = {breastfeeding (Other) / colorectal cancer (Other) / oral
                      contraceptives (Other) / pregnancy (Other) / reproductive
                      factors (Other) / women (Other)},
      cin          = {C070 / C020 / C120 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:35642982},
      doi          = {10.1093/jncics/pkac042},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/180172},
}