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@ARTICLE{Zaiss:119273,
      author       = {M. Zaiss$^*$ and J. Windschuh$^*$ and S. Goerke$^*$ and D.
                      Paech$^*$ and J.-E. Meissner$^*$ and S. Burth and P.
                      Kickingereder$^*$ and W. Wick$^*$ and M. Bendszus and H.-P.
                      Schlemmer$^*$ and M. Ladd$^*$ and P. Bachert$^*$ and A.
                      Radbruch$^*$},
      title        = {{D}ownfield-{NOE}-suppressed amide-{CEST}-{MRI} at 7
                      {T}esla provides a unique contrast in human glioblastoma.},
      journal      = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
      volume       = {77},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0740-3194},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-00059},
      pages        = {196 - 208},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {The chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effect
                      observed in brain tissue in vivo at the frequency offset
                      3.5 ppm downfield of water was assigned to amide protons
                      of the protein backbone. Obeying a base-catalyzed exchange
                      process such an amide-CEST effect would correlate with
                      intracellular pH and protein concentration, correlations
                      that are highly interesting for cancer diagnosis. However,
                      recent experiments suggested that, besides the known
                      aliphatic relayed-nuclear Overhauser effect (rNOE) upfield
                      of water, an additional downfield rNOE is apparent in vivo
                      resonating as well around +3.5 ppm. In this study, we
                      present further evidence for the underlying downfield-rNOE
                      signal, and we propose a first method that suppresses the
                      downfield-rNOE contribution to the amide-CEST contrast.
                      Thus, an isolated amide-CEST effect depending mainly on
                      amide proton concentration and pH is generated.The isolation
                      of the exchange mediated amide proton effect was
                      investigated in protein model-solutions and tissue lysates
                      and successfully applied to in vivo CEST images of 11
                      glioblastoma patients.Comparison with gadolinium contrast
                      enhancing longitudinal relaxation time-weighted images
                      revealed that the downfield-rNOE-suppressed amide-CEST
                      contrast forms a unique contrast that delineates tumor
                      regions and show remarkable overlap with the gadolinium
                      contrast enhancement.Thus, suppression of the downfield rNOE
                      contribution might be the important step to yield the amide
                      proton CEST contrast originally aimed at. Magn Reson Med
                      77:196-208, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
      cin          = {E020 / E010 / E012 / G370},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E012-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)G370-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26845067},
      doi          = {10.1002/mrm.26100},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/119273},
}