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@ARTICLE{Stahl:119362,
      author       = {V. Stahl$^*$ and F. Maier$^*$ and M. Freitag$^*$ and R. O.
                      Floca$^*$ and M. Berger$^*$ and R. Umathum$^*$ and M.
                      Berriel Diaz and S. Herzig and M.-A. Weber and A.
                      Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss$^*$ and K. Rink$^*$ and P.
                      Bachert$^*$ and M. Ladd$^*$ and A. Nagel$^*$},
      title        = {{I}n vivo assessment of cold stimulation effects on the fat
                      fraction of brown adipose tissue using {DIXON} {MRI}.{E}},
      journal      = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging},
      volume       = {45},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1053-1807},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-00117},
      pages        = {369 - 380},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {To evaluate the volume and changes of human brown adipose
                      tissue (BAT) in vivo following exposure to cold using
                      magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The clavicular region of 10
                      healthy volunteers was examined with a 3T MRI system. One
                      volunteer participated twice. A cooling vest that was
                      circulated with temperature-controlled water was used to
                      expose each volunteer to a cold environment. Three different
                      water temperature phases were employed: baseline (23°C,
                      20 min), cooling (12°C, 90 min), and a final warming
                      phase (37°C, 30 min). Temperatures of the water in the
                      circuit, of the body, and at the back skin of the volunteers
                      were monitored with fiberoptic temperature probes. Applying
                      the 2-point DIXON pulse sequence every 5 minutes, fat
                      fraction (FF) maps were determined and evaluated over time
                      to distinguish between brown and white adipose
                      tissue.Temperature measurements showed a decrease of
                      3.8 ± 1.0°C of the back skin temperature, while the
                      body temperature stayed constant at 37.2 ± 0.9°C.
                      Focusing on the two interscapular BAT depots, a mean FF
                      decrease of $-2.9 ± 2.0\%/h$ (P < 0.001) was detected
                      during cold stimulation in a mean absolute volume of
                      1.31 ± 1.43 ml. Also, a correlation of FF decrease to
                      back skin temperature decrease was observed in all
                      volunteers (correlation coefficients: |r| = [0.51;
                      0.99]).We found that FF decreases in BAT begin immediately
                      with mild cooling of the body and continue during long-time
                      cooling.2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:369-380.},
      cin          = {E020 / E010 / E071 / E060},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E071-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E060-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27421080},
      doi          = {10.1002/jmri.25364},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/119362},
}