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@ARTICLE{Demberg:119835,
      author       = {K. Demberg$^*$ and F. Laun$^*$ and J. Windschuh$^*$ and R.
                      Umathum$^*$ and P. Bachert$^*$ and T. A. Kuder$^*$},
      title        = {{N}uclear magnetic resonance diffusion pore imaging:
                      {E}xperimental phase detection by double diffusion
                      encoding.},
      journal      = {Physical review / E},
      volume       = {95},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {2470-0045},
      address      = {Woodbury, NY},
      publisher    = {Inst.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-00430},
      pages        = {022404},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Diffusion pore imaging is an extension of
                      diffusion-weighted nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
                      enabling the direct measurement of the shape of arbitrarily
                      formed, closed pores by probing diffusion restrictions using
                      the motion of spin-bearing particles. Examples of such pores
                      comprise cells in biological tissue or oil containing
                      cavities in porous rocks. All pores contained in the
                      measurement volume contribute to one reconstructed image,
                      which reduces the problem of vanishing signal at increasing
                      resolution present in conventional magnetic resonance
                      imaging. It has been previously experimentally demonstrated
                      that pore imaging using a combination of a long and a narrow
                      magnetic field gradient pulse is feasible. In this work, an
                      experimental verification is presented showing that pores
                      can be imaged using short gradient pulses only. Experiments
                      were carried out using hyperpolarized xenon gas in
                      well-defined pores. The phase required for pore image
                      reconstruction was retrieved from double diffusion encoded
                      (DDE) measurements, while the magnitude could either be
                      obtained from DDE signals or classical diffusion
                      measurements with single encoding. The occurring image
                      artifacts caused by restrictions of the gradient system,
                      insufficient diffusion time, and by the phase reconstruction
                      approach were investigated. Employing short gradient pulses
                      only is advantageous compared to the initial long-narrow
                      approach due to a more flexible sequence design when
                      omitting the long gradient and due to faster convergence to
                      the diffusion long-time limit, which may enable application
                      to larger pores.},
      cin          = {E020},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28298006},
      doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevE.95.022404},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/119835},
}