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@ARTICLE{Wagner:124446,
      author       = {F. Wagner$^*$ and F. Laun$^*$ and T. A. Kuder$^*$ and A.
                      Mlynarska$^*$ and F. Maier$^*$ and J. Faust$^*$ and K.
                      Demberg$^*$ and L. Lindemann$^*$ and B. Rivkin$^*$ and A.
                      Nagel$^*$ and M. Ladd$^*$ and K. Maier-Hein$^*$ and S.
                      Bickelhaupt$^*$ and M. Bach$^*$},
      title        = {{T}emperature and concentration calibration of aqueous
                      polyvinylpyrrolidone ({PVP}) solutions for isotropic
                      diffusion {MRI} phantoms.},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {12},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-01323},
      pages        = {e0179276 -},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {To use the 'apparent diffusion coefficient' (Dapp) as a
                      quantitative imaging parameter, well-suited test fluids are
                      essential. In this study, the previously proposed aqueous
                      solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were examined and
                      temperature calibrations were obtained. For example, at a
                      temperature of 20°C, Dapp ranged from 1.594 $(95\%$ CI:
                      1.593, 1.595) μm2/ms to 0.3326 $(95\%$ CI: 0. 3304, 0.3348)
                      μm2/ms for PVP-concentrations ranging from $10\%$ (w/w) to
                      $50\%$ (w/w) using K30 polymer lengths. The temperature
                      dependence of Dapp was found to be so strong that a
                      negligence seems not advisable. The temperature dependence
                      is descriptively modelled by an exponential function exp(c2
                      (T - 20°C)) and the determined c2 values are reported,
                      which can be used for temperature calibration. For example,
                      we find the value 0.02952 K-1 for $30\%$ (w/w)
                      PVP-concentration and K30 polymer length. In general,
                      aqueous PVP solutions were found to be suitable to produce
                      easily applicable and reliable Dapp-phantoms.},
      cin          = {E020 / E010 / E132},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E132-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28628638},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC5476261},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0179276},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/124446},
}