000125241 001__ 125241
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000125241 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1002/hbm.23641
000125241 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:28474470
000125241 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1065-9471
000125241 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1097-0193
000125241 0247_ $$2altmetric$$aaltmetric:19939932
000125241 037__ $$aDKFZ-2017-01396
000125241 041__ $$aeng
000125241 082__ $$a610
000125241 1001_ $$00000-0002-2170-9241$$aErnst, Thomas M$$b0
000125241 245__ $$aModulation of 7 T fMRI Signal in the Cerebellar Cortex and Nuclei During Acquisition, Extinction, and Reacquisition of Conditioned Eyeblink Responses.
000125241 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$bWiley-Liss$$c2017
000125241 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle
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000125241 520__ $$aClassical delay eyeblink conditioning is likely the most commonly used paradigm to study cerebellar learning. As yet, few studies have focused on extinction and savings of conditioned eyeblink responses (CRs). Saving effects, which are reflected in a reacquisition after extinction that is faster than the initial acquisition, suggest that learned associations are at least partly preserved during extinction. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that acquisition-related plasticity is nihilated during extinction in the cerebellar cortex, but retained in the cerebellar nuclei, allowing for faster reacquisition. Changes of 7 T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals were investigated in the cerebellar cortex and nuclei of young and healthy human subjects. Main effects of acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition against rest were calculated in conditioned stimulus-only trials. First-level β values were determined for a spherical region of interest (ROI) around the acquisition peak voxel in lobule VI, and dentate and interposed nuclei ipsilateral to the unconditioned stimulus. In the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, fMRI signals were significantly lower in extinction compared to acquisition and reacquisition, but not significantly different between acquisition and reacquisition. These findings are consistent with the theory of bidirectional learning in both the cerebellar cortex and nuclei. It cannot explain, however, why conditioned responses reappear almost immediately in reacquisition following extinction. Although the present data do not exclude that part of the initial memory remains in the cerebellum in extinction, future studies should also explore changes in extracerebellar regions as a potential substrate of saving effects. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3957-3974, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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000125241 7001_ $$aThürling, Markus$$b1
000125241 7001_ $$aMüller, Sarah$$b2
000125241 7001_ $$aKahl, Fabian$$b3
000125241 7001_ $$aMaderwald, Stefan$$b4
000125241 7001_ $$aSchlamann, Marc$$b5
000125241 7001_ $$aBoele, Henk-Jan$$b6
000125241 7001_ $$aKoekkoek, Sebastiaan K E$$b7
000125241 7001_ $$aDiedrichsen, Jörn$$b8
000125241 7001_ $$aDe Zeeuw, Chris I$$b9
000125241 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)022611a2317e4de40fd912e0a72293a8$$aLadd, Mark$$b10$$udkfz
000125241 7001_ $$aTimmann, Dagmar$$b11
000125241 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1492703-2$$a10.1002/hbm.23641$$gVol. 38, no. 8, p. 3957 - 3974$$n8$$p3957 - 3974$$tHuman brain mapping$$v38$$x1065-9471$$y2017
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000125241 9141_ $$y2017
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