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@ARTICLE{Chessa:125636,
      author       = {F. Chessa$^*$ and D. Mathow$^*$ and S. Wang$^*$ and T.
                      Hielscher$^*$ and A. Atzberger and S. Porubsky$^*$ and N.
                      Gretz and S. Burgdorf and H.-J. Gröne$^*$ and Z.
                      Popovic$^*$},
      title        = {{T}he renal microenvironment modifies dendritic cell
                      phenotype.},
      journal      = {Kidney international},
      volume       = {89},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0085-2538},
      address      = {Basingstoke},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-01762},
      pages        = {82 - 94},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Renal dendritic cells are a major component of the renal
                      mononuclear phagocytic system. In the renal interstitium,
                      these cells are exposed to an osmotic gradient, mainly
                      sodium, whose concentration progressively increases towards
                      inner medulla. Renal allograft rejection affects
                      predominantly the cortex, suggesting a protective role of
                      the renal medullary micromilieu. Whether osmolar variations
                      can modulate the function of renal dendritic cells is
                      currently undefined. Considering the central role of
                      dendritic cells in promoting allorejection, we tested
                      whether the biophysical micromilieu, particularly the
                      interstitial osmotic gradient, influences their
                      alloreactivity. There was a progressive depletion of
                      leukocytes towards the medulla of homeostatic kidney. Only
                      macrophages opposed this tendency. Flow cytometry of
                      homeostatic and post-transplant medullary dendritic cells
                      revealed a switch towards a macrophage-like phenotype.
                      Similarly, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells developed ex
                      vivo in sodium chloride-enriched medium acquired a M2-like
                      signature. Microarray analysis of allotransplant dendritic
                      cells posed a medullary downregulation of genes mainly
                      involved in alloantigen recognition. Gene expression
                      profiles of both medullary dendritic cells and bone
                      marrow-derived dendritic cells matured in hyperosmolar
                      medium had an overlap with the macrophage M2 signature.
                      Thus, the medullary environment inhibits an alloimmune
                      response by modulating the phenotype and function of
                      dendritic cells.},
      keywords     = {Receptors, Cell Surface (NLM Chemicals) / Sodium Chloride
                      (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {G130 / C060},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)G130-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331},
      pnm          = {317 - Translational cancer research (POF3-317)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-317},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26466317},
      doi          = {10.1038/ki.2015.292},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/125636},
}