TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kang, Jinsuk
AU  - Lienhard, Matthias
AU  - Pastor, William A
AU  - Chawla, Ashu
AU  - Novotny, Mark
AU  - Tsagaratou, Ageliki
AU  - Lasken, Roger S
AU  - Thompson, Elizabeth C
AU  - Surani, M Azim
AU  - Koralov, Sergei B
AU  - Kalantry, Sundeep
AU  - Chavez, Lukas
AU  - Rao, Anjana
TI  - Simultaneous deletion of the methylcytosine oxidases Tet1 and Tet3 increases transcriptome variability in early embryogenesis.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
VL  - 112
IS  - 31
SN  - 1091-6490
CY  - Washington, DC
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
M1  - DKFZ-2017-02841
SP  - E4236 - E4245
PY  - 2015
AB  - Dioxygenases of the TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) family produce oxidized methylcytosines, intermediates in DNA demethylation, as well as new epigenetic marks. Here we show data suggesting that TET proteins maintain the consistency of gene transcription. Embryos lacking Tet1 and Tet3 (Tet1/3 DKO) displayed a strong loss of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and a concurrent increase in 5-methylcytosine (5mC) at the eight-cell stage. Single cells from eight-cell embryos and individual embryonic day 3.5 blastocysts showed unexpectedly variable gene expression compared with controls, and this variability correlated in blastocysts with variably increased 5mC/5hmC in gene bodies and repetitive elements. Despite the variability, genes encoding regulators of cholesterol biosynthesis were reproducibly down-regulated in Tet1/3 DKO blastocysts, resulting in a characteristic phenotype of holoprosencephaly in the few embryos that survived to later stages. Thus, TET enzymes and DNA cytosine modifications could directly or indirectly modulate transcriptional noise, resulting in the selective susceptibility of certain intracellular pathways to regulation by TET proteins.
KW  - Biomarkers (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - DNA-Binding Proteins (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Hedgehog Proteins (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Shh protein, mouse (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - TET1 protein, mouse (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Tet3 protein, mouse (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - 5-Methylcytosine (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - DNA (NLM Chemicals)
KW  - Cholesterol (NLM Chemicals)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:26199412
C2  - pmc:PMC4534209
DO  - DOI:10.1073/pnas.1510510112
UR  - https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/126813
ER  -