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@ARTICLE{Krais:126916,
      author       = {A. M. Krais and K.-R. Mühlbauer$^*$ and J. E. Kucab and H.
                      Chinbuah and M. G. Cornelius$^*$ and Q.-X. Wei$^*$ and M.
                      Hollstein$^*$ and D. H. Phillips and V. M. Arlt and H.
                      Schmeiser$^*$},
      title        = {{C}omparison of the metabolic activation of environmental
                      carcinogens in mouse embryonic stem cells and mouse
                      embryonic fibroblasts.},
      journal      = {Toxicology in vitro},
      volume       = {29},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0887-2333},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-02944},
      pages        = {34 - 43},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {We compared mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and fibroblasts
                      (MEFs) for their ability to metabolically activate the
                      environmental carcinogens benzo[a]pyrene (BaP),
                      3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) and aristolochic acid I (AAI),
                      measuring DNA adduct formation by (32)P-postlabelling and
                      expression of xenobiotic-metabolism genes by quantitative
                      real-time PCR. At 2 μM, BaP induced Cyp1a1 expression in
                      MEFs to a much greater extent than in ES cells and formed 45
                      times more adducts. Nqo1 mRNA expression was increased by
                      3-NBA in both cell types but induction was higher in MEFs,
                      as was adduct formation. For AAI, DNA binding was over 450
                      times higher in MEFs than in ES cells, although Nqo1 and
                      Cyp1a1 transcriptional levels did not explain this
                      difference. We found higher global methylation of DNA in ES
                      cells than in MEFs, which suggests higher chromatin density
                      and lower accessibility of the DNA to DNA damaging agents in
                      ES cells. However, AAI treatment did not alter DNA
                      methylation. Thus mouse ES cells and MEFs have the metabolic
                      competence to activate a number of environmental
                      carcinogens, but MEFs have lower global DNA methylation and
                      higher metabolic capacity than mouse ES cells.},
      keywords     = {3-nitrobenzanthrone (NLM Chemicals) / Aristolochic Acids
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Benz(a)Anthracenes (NLM Chemicals) /
                      Carcinogens, Environmental (NLM Chemicals) / DNA Adducts
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Benzo(a)pyrene (NLM Chemicals) /
                      aristolochic acid I (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {C016 / E030},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C016-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E030-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25230394},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4258613},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.004},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/126916},
}