TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ros, Uris
AU  - Rodríguez-Vera, Wendy
AU  - Pedrera, Lohans
AU  - Valiente, Pedro A
AU  - Cabezas, Sheila
AU  - Lanio, María E
AU  - García-Sáez, Ana J
AU  - Alvarez, Carlos
TI  - Differences in activity of actinoporins are related with the hydrophobicity of their N-terminus.
JO  - Biochimie
VL  - 116
SN  - 0300-9084
CY  - Paris [u.a.]
PB  - Elsevier
M1  - DKFZ-2017-03429
SP  - 70 - 78
PY  - 2015
AB  - Actinoporins are pore-forming toxins (PFT) produced by sea anemones with molecular mass around 20 kDa and high affinity for sphingomyelin. The most studied atinoporins are sticholysins I and II (StI/StII) from Stichodactyla helianthus, equinatoxin II (EqtII) from Actinia equina, and fragaceatoxin C (FraC) from Actinia fragacea. Their N-terminal sequences encompassing residues 1-30 seem to be the best candidates for pore formation. This segment comprises an amphipathic α-helix preceded by a more or less hydrophobic segment, depending on the toxin, of around 10 amino acid residues. Although it is clear that the N-terminal is the most variable sequence in this protein family, the role of their hydrophobic segment in not fully understood. Here we show a comparison of StI, StII, EqtII, and FraC activities with that of their respective N-terminal synthetic peptides. The hemolytic and permeabilizing activity of the peptides reproduce qualitatively the behavior of their respective parental proteins and are particularly related to the hydrophobicity of the corresponding 1-10 segment. Furthermore, the dendrogram analysis of actinoporins' N-terminal sequence allows relating differences in alignment with differences in activity among the four toxins. We have also evaluated the penetration depth of the N-terminal segment of StI and StII by using Trp-containing peptide-analogs. Our data suggest that the N-terminus of StII is more deeply buried into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer than that of StI. We hypothesize that the highest activity of StII could be ascribed to a larger hydrophobic continuum, an uninterrupted sequence of non-charged mainly hydrophobic amino acid residues, of its N-terminus promoting a highest ability to partially insert in the membrane core. Moreover, as we show for four related peptides that a higher hydrophobicity contributes to increase the activity, we reinforce the notion that this property must be taken into account to design new potent membranotropic agents.
KW  - Peptides (NLM Chemicals)
LB  - PUB:(DE-HGF)16
C6  - pmid:26134716
DO  - DOI:10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.024
UR  - https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/127406
ER  -