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024 7 _ |a 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.024
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024 7 _ |a pmid:26134716
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024 7 _ |a 0300-9084
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024 7 _ |a 1638-6183
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037 _ _ |a DKFZ-2017-03429
041 _ _ |a eng
082 _ _ |a 540
100 1 _ |a Ros, Uris
|b 0
245 _ _ |a Differences in activity of actinoporins are related with the hydrophobicity of their N-terminus.
260 _ _ |a Paris [u.a.]
|c 2015
|b Elsevier
336 7 _ |a article
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336 7 _ |a ARTICLE
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336 7 _ |a Journal Article
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520 _ _ |a Actinoporins are pore-forming toxins (PFT) produced by sea anemones with molecular mass around 20 kDa and high affinity for sphingomyelin. The most studied atinoporins are sticholysins I and II (StI/StII) from Stichodactyla helianthus, equinatoxin II (EqtII) from Actinia equina, and fragaceatoxin C (FraC) from Actinia fragacea. Their N-terminal sequences encompassing residues 1-30 seem to be the best candidates for pore formation. This segment comprises an amphipathic α-helix preceded by a more or less hydrophobic segment, depending on the toxin, of around 10 amino acid residues. Although it is clear that the N-terminal is the most variable sequence in this protein family, the role of their hydrophobic segment in not fully understood. Here we show a comparison of StI, StII, EqtII, and FraC activities with that of their respective N-terminal synthetic peptides. The hemolytic and permeabilizing activity of the peptides reproduce qualitatively the behavior of their respective parental proteins and are particularly related to the hydrophobicity of the corresponding 1-10 segment. Furthermore, the dendrogram analysis of actinoporins' N-terminal sequence allows relating differences in alignment with differences in activity among the four toxins. We have also evaluated the penetration depth of the N-terminal segment of StI and StII by using Trp-containing peptide-analogs. Our data suggest that the N-terminus of StII is more deeply buried into the hydrophobic core of the bilayer than that of StI. We hypothesize that the highest activity of StII could be ascribed to a larger hydrophobic continuum, an uninterrupted sequence of non-charged mainly hydrophobic amino acid residues, of its N-terminus promoting a highest ability to partially insert in the membrane core. Moreover, as we show for four related peptides that a higher hydrophobicity contributes to increase the activity, we reinforce the notion that this property must be taken into account to design new potent membranotropic agents.
536 _ _ |a 312 - Functional and structural genomics (POF3-312)
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650 _ 7 |a Peptides
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700 1 _ |a Rodríguez-Vera, Wendy
|b 1
700 1 _ |a Pedrera, Lohans
|b 2
700 1 _ |a Valiente, Pedro A
|b 3
700 1 _ |a Cabezas, Sheila
|b 4
700 1 _ |a Lanio, María E
|b 5
700 1 _ |a García-Sáez, Ana J
|0 P:(DE-HGF)0
|b 6
700 1 _ |a Alvarez, Carlos
|b 7
773 _ _ |a 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.024
|g Vol. 116, p. 70 - 78
|0 PERI:(DE-600)2011725-5
|p 70 - 78
|t Biochimie
|v 116
|y 2015
|x 0300-9084
909 C O |o oai:inrepo02.dkfz.de:127406
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910 1 _ |a Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum
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