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@ARTICLE{Sandn:127437,
      author       = {E. Sandén and C. Dyberg and C. Krona and E. Visse and H.
                      Carén and P. A. Northcott$^*$ and M. Kool$^*$ and N. Ståhl
                      and A. Persson and E. Englund and J. I. Johnsen and P.
                      Siesjö and A. Darabi},
      title        = {{A}berrant immunostaining pattern of the {CD}24
                      glycoprotein in clinical samples and experimental models of
                      pediatric medulloblastomas.},
      journal      = {Journal of neuro-oncology},
      volume       = {123},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1573-7373},
      address      = {Dordrecht [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer Science + Business Media B.V},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-03460},
      pages        = {1 - 13},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {The CD24 glycoprotein is a mediator of neuronal
                      proliferation, differentiation and immune suppression in the
                      normal CNS, and a proposed cancer biomarker in multiple
                      peripheral tumor types. We performed a comparative analysis
                      of CD24 gene expression in a large cohort of pediatric and
                      adult brain tumors (n = 813), and further characterized
                      protein expression in tissue sections (n = 39), primary
                      brain tumor cultures (n = 12) and a novel orthotopic group 3
                      medulloblastoma xenograft model. Increased CD24 gene
                      expression was demonstrated in ependymomas,
                      medulloblastomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas,
                      although medulloblastomas displayed higher expression than
                      all other tumor entities. Preferential expression of CD24 in
                      medulloblastomas was confirmed at protein level by
                      immunostaining and computerized image analysis of
                      cryosections. Morphologies and immunophenotyping of CD24(+)
                      cells in tissue sections tentatively suggested disparate
                      functions in different tumor subsets. Notably, protein
                      staining of medulloblastoma cells was associated with
                      prominent cytoplasmic and membranous granules, enabling
                      rapid and robust identification of medulloblastoma cells in
                      clinical tissue samples, as well as in experimental model
                      systems. In conclusion, our results implicate CD24 as a
                      clinically and experimentally useful medulloblastoma
                      immunomarker. Although our results encourage further
                      functional studies of CD24 as a potential molecular target
                      in subsets of brain tumors, the promiscuous expression of
                      CD24 in vivo highlights the importance of specificity in the
                      future design of such targeted treatment.},
      keywords     = {Antigens, CD24 (NLM Chemicals) / Biomarkers, Tumor (NLM
                      Chemicals) / CD24 protein, human (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {B062},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)B062-20160331},
      pnm          = {312 - Functional and structural genomics (POF3-312)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-312},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:25820321},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11060-015-1758-5},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/127437},
}