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000127645 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:26520732
000127645 0247_ $$2pmc$$apmc:PMC4608968
000127645 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0094-2405
000127645 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1522-8541
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000127645 037__ $$aDKFZ-2017-03668
000127645 041__ $$aeng
000127645 082__ $$a610
000127645 1001_ $$aTitt, Uwe$$b0
000127645 245__ $$aDegradation of proton depth dose distributions attributable to microstructures in lung-equivalent material.
000127645 260__ $$aNew York, NY$$c2015
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000127645 520__ $$aThe purpose of the work reported here was to investigate the influence of sub-millimeter size heterogeneities on the degradation of the distal edges of proton beams and to validate Monte Carlo (MC) methods' ability to correctly predict such degradation.A custom-designed high-resolution plastic phantom approximating highly heterogeneous, lung-like structures was employed in measurements and in Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the degradation of proton Bragg curves penetrating heterogeneous media.Significant differences in distal falloff widths and in peak dose values were observed in the measured and the Monte Carlo simulated curves compared to pristine proton Bragg curves. Furthermore, differences between simulations of beams penetrating CT images of the phantom did not agree well with the corresponding experimental differences. The distal falloff widths in CT image-based geometries were underestimated by up to 0.2 cm in water (corresponding to 0.8-1.4 cm in lung tissue), and the peak dose values of pristine proton beams were overestimated by as much as ˜35% compared to measured curves or depth-dose curves simulated on the basis of true geometry. The authors demonstrate that these discrepancies were caused by the limited spatial resolution of CT images that served as a basis for dose calculations and lead to underestimation of the impact of the fine structure of tissue heterogeneities. A convolution model was successfully applied to mitigate the underestimation.The results of this study justify further development of models to better represent heterogeneity effects in soft-tissue geometries, such as lung, and to correct systematic underestimation of the degradation of the distal edge of proton doses.
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000127645 650_7 $$2NLM Chemicals$$aProtons
000127645 7001_ $$aSell, Martin$$b1
000127645 7001_ $$aUnkelbach, Jan$$b2
000127645 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)fec480a99b1869ec73688e95c2f0a43b$$aBangert, Mark$$b3$$udkfz
000127645 7001_ $$aMirkovic, Dragan$$b4
000127645 7001_ $$aOelfke, Uwe$$b5
000127645 7001_ $$aMohan, Radhe$$b6
000127645 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)1466421-5$$a10.1118/1.4932625$$gVol. 42, no. 11, p. 6425 - 6432$$n11$$p6425 - 6432$$tMedical physics$$v42$$x0094-2405$$y2015
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000127645 9141_ $$y2015
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