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@ARTICLE{Socher:128356,
      author       = {M. Socher$^*$ and J. Kuntz$^*$ and S. Sawall$^*$ and S.
                      Bartling$^*$ and M. Kachelriess$^*$},
      title        = {{T}he retrobulbar sinus is superior to the lateral tail
                      vein for the injection of contrast media in small animal
                      cardiac imaging.},
      journal      = {Laboratory animals},
      volume       = {48},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1758-1117},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Sage},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-04373},
      pages        = {105 - 113},
      year         = {2014},
      abstract     = {Cardiac perfusion studies using computed tomography are a
                      common tool in clinical practice. Recent technical advances
                      and the availability of dedicated small animal scanners
                      allow the transfer of these techniques to the preclinical
                      sector in general and to mouse models of cardiac diseases in
                      particular. This necessitates new requirements for contrast
                      injection techniques as a rapid transport of contrast media
                      from the intravenous access to the animal heart. Clinical
                      contrast agents containing high iodine concentrations are
                      used within small animal studies although they exhibit a
                      high viscosity which might limit their transport within the
                      vasculature. The authors provide a comparison of the
                      transport of contrast media following an injection into the
                      lateral tail vein and an injection into the retrobulbar
                      sinus and discuss the anatomy involved. The temporal
                      evolution of a contrast bolus and its in vivo distribution
                      is visualized. It is demonstrated that injecting contrast
                      agents into the lateral tail vein of mice results in a
                      retrograde blood flow to the liver veins and therefore does
                      not deliver a detectable contrast bolus to the heart, and
                      thus it cannot be used for cardiac perfusion studies. By
                      contrast, boli injected into the retrobulbar sinus are
                      rapidly transported to the heart and provide ventricular
                      contrast enabling perfusion studies similar to those in
                      human patients. The results demonstrate that an injection
                      into the retrobulbar sinus is superior to an injection into
                      the lateral tail vein for the delivery of contrast boli to
                      the animal heart, while all drawbacks of an injection into
                      the lateral tail vein are overcome.},
      keywords     = {Contrast Media (NLM Chemicals) / Iohexol (NLM Chemicals) /
                      iopromide (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {W410 / E020 / E025 / E010},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)W410-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E025-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:24468712},
      doi          = {10.1177/0023677213517500},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/128356},
}