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@ARTICLE{Bier:128924,
      author       = {B. Bier and M. Berger and A. Maier and M. Kachelrieß$^*$
                      and L. Ritschl and K. Müller and J.-H. Choi and R. Fahrig},
      title        = {{S}catter correction using a primary modulator on a
                      clinical angiography {C}-arm {CT} system.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {44},
      number       = {9},
      issn         = {0094-2405},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-04937},
      pages        = {e125 - e137},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) suffers from a large
                      amount of scatter, resulting in severe scatter artifacts in
                      the reconstructions. Recently, a new scatter correction
                      approach, called improved primary modulator scatter
                      estimation (iPMSE), was introduced. That approach utilizes a
                      primary modulator that is inserted between the X-ray source
                      and the object. This modulation enables estimation of the
                      scatter in the projection domain by optimizing an objective
                      function with respect to the scatter estimate. Up to now the
                      approach has not been implemented on a clinical angiography
                      C-arm CT system.In our work, the iPMSE method is transferred
                      to a clinical C-arm CBCT. Additional processing steps are
                      added in order to compensate for the C-arm scanner motion
                      and the automatic X-ray tube current modulation. These
                      challenges were overcome by establishing a reference
                      modulator database and a block-matching algorithm.
                      Experiments with phantom and experimental in vivo data were
                      performed to evaluate the method.We show that scatter
                      correction using primary modulation is possible on a
                      clinical C-arm CBCT. Scatter artifacts in the
                      reconstructions are reduced with the newly extended method.
                      Compared to a scan with a narrow collimation, our approach
                      showed superior results with an improvement of the contrast
                      and the contrast-to-noise ratio for the phantom experiments.
                      In vivo data are evaluated by comparing the results with a
                      scan with a narrow collimation and with a constant scatter
                      correction approach.Scatter correction using primary
                      modulation is possible on a clinical CBCT by compensating
                      for the scanner motion and the tube current modulation.
                      Scatter artifacts could be reduced in the reconstructions of
                      phantom scans and in experimental in vivo data.},
      cin          = {E020 / E025},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E025-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:28061010},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.12094},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/128924},
}