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@ARTICLE{Oberste:130263,
      author       = {M. Oberste and W. Bloch and S. T. Hübner and P.
                      Zimmer$^*$},
      title        = {{D}o {R}eported {E}ffects of {A}cute {A}erobic {E}xercise
                      on {S}ubsequent {H}igher {C}ognitive {P}erformances {R}emain
                      if {T}ested against an {I}nstructed {S}elf-{M}yofascial
                      {R}elease {T}raining {C}ontrol {G}roup? {A} {R}andomized
                      {C}ontrolled {T}rial.},
      journal      = {PLoS one},
      volume       = {11},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1932-6203},
      address      = {Lawrence, Kan.},
      publisher    = {PLoS},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-05343},
      pages        = {e0167818 -},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {A substantial body of evidence suggests positive effects of
                      acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on subsequent higher cognitive
                      functions in healthy young adults. These effects are widely
                      understood as a result of the ongoing physiological
                      adaptation processes induced by the preceding AAE. However,
                      designs of published studies do not control for placebo,
                      Hawthorne and subject expectancy effects. Therefore, these
                      studies do not, at a high degree of validity, allow
                      attributing effects of AEE on subsequent cognitive
                      performance to exercise induced physical arousal. In the
                      present study, we applied a randomized controlled blinded
                      experiment to provide robust evidence for a physiological
                      basis of exercise induced cognitive facilitation. Beyond
                      that, the dose response relationship between AAE`s intensity
                      and subsequent cognitive performances as well as a
                      potentially mediating role of peripheral lactate in AAE
                      induced cognitive facilitation was investigated. The 121
                      healthy young subjects who participated in this study were
                      assigned randomly into 3 exercise groups and a
                      self-myofascial release training control group. Exercise
                      groups comprised a low, moderate and high intensity
                      condition in which participants cycled on an ergometer at a
                      heart rate corresponding to $45-50\%,$ $65-70\%$ and
                      $85-90\%$ of their individual maximum heart rate,
                      respectively, for 35 minutes. Participants assigned to the
                      control group completed a 35 minute instructed self-massage
                      intervention using a foam roll. Before and after treatment,
                      participants completed computer based versions of the Stroop
                      task and the Trail Making Test as well as a free recall
                      task. None of the applied exercise regimes exerted a
                      significant effect on participants`performance at any of the
                      applied cognitive testing procedure if compared to
                      self-myofascial release training control group. Post hoc
                      power analyses revealed no effect in the population of f =
                      .2 or larger at a risk of type II error (β) ≤.183 for all
                      measured variables. Our results, therefore, indicate that
                      AAE induced cognitive facilitation is not (exclusively)
                      based on physiological effects. Even if there is a
                      substantial contribution of physiological adaptations to AAE
                      in reported AAE induced cognitive facilitation, in this
                      study, peripheral lactate could not be confirmed as such a
                      factor. Peripheral lactate concentrations and cognitive
                      testing performances after exercise showed rather small
                      empirical and no significant associations. Our results
                      suggest that other psychosocial aspects like expectations
                      and social attention play an important role in AAE induced
                      cognitive facilitation.},
      cin          = {G210},
      ddc          = {500},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)G210-20160331},
      pnm          = {317 - Translational cancer research (POF3-317)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-317},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27930706},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC5145178},
      doi          = {10.1371/journal.pone.0167818},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/130263},
}