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@ARTICLE{Staufer:130598,
      author       = {O. Staufer$^*$ and S. Weber and C. P. Bengtson and H.
                      Bading and J. P. Spatz and A. Rustom},
      title        = {{F}unctional fusion of living systems with synthetic
                      electrode interfaces.},
      journal      = {Beilstein journal of nanotechnology},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {2190-4286},
      address      = {Frankfurt, M.},
      publisher    = {Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen
                      Wissenschaften},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2017-05676},
      pages        = {296 - 301},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The functional fusion of 'living' biomaterial (such as
                      cells) with synthetic systems has developed into a principal
                      ambition for various scientific disciplines. In particular,
                      emerging fields such as bionics and nanomedicine integrate
                      advanced nanomaterials with biomolecules, cells and
                      organisms in order to develop novel strategies for
                      applications, including energy production or real-time
                      diagnostics utilizing biomolecular machineries 'perfected'
                      during billion years of evolution. To date, hardware-wetware
                      interfaces that sample or modulate bioelectric potentials,
                      such as neuroprostheses or implantable energy harvesters,
                      are mostly based on microelectrodes brought into the closest
                      possible contact with the targeted cells. Recently, the
                      possibility of using electrochemical gradients of the inner
                      ear for technical applications was demonstrated using
                      implanted electrodes, where 1.12 nW of electrical power was
                      harvested from the guinea pig endocochlear potential for up
                      to 5 h (Mercier, P.; Lysaght, A.; Bandyopadhyay, S.;
                      Chandrakasan, A.; Stankovic, K. Nat. Biotech. 2012, 30,
                      1240-1243). More recent approaches employ nanowires (NWs)
                      able to penetrate the cellular membrane and to record extra-
                      and intracellular electrical signals, in some cases with
                      subcellular resolution (Spira, M.; Hai, A. Nat. Nano. 2013,
                      8, 83-94). Such techniques include nanoelectric scaffolds
                      containing free-standing silicon NWs (Robinson, J. T.;
                      Jorgolli, M.; Shalek, A. K.; Yoon, M. H.; Gertner, R. S.;
                      Park, H. Nat Nanotechnol. 2012, 10, 180-184) or NW
                      field-effect transistors (Qing, Q.; Jiang, Z.; Xu, L.; Gao,
                      R.; Mai, L.; Lieber, C. Nat. Nano. 2013, 9, 142-147),
                      vertically aligned gallium phosphide NWs (Hällström, W.;
                      Mårtensson, T.; Prinz, C.; Gustavsson, P.; Montelius, L.;
                      Samuelson, L.; Kanje, M. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2960-2965) or
                      individually contacted, electrically active carbon
                      nanofibers. The latter of these approaches is capable of
                      recording electrical responses from oxidative events
                      occurring in intercellular regions of neuronal cultures
                      (Zhang, D.; Rand, E.; Marsh, M.; Andrews, R.; Lee, K.;
                      Meyyappan, M.; Koehne, J. Mol. Neurobiol. 2013, 48,
                      380-385). Employing monocrystalline gold, nanoelectrode
                      interfaces, we have now achieved stable, functional access
                      to the electrochemical machinery of individual Physarum
                      polycephalum slime mold cells. We demonstrate the
                      'symbionic' union, allowing for electrophysiological
                      measurements, functioning as autonomous sensors and capable
                      of producing nanowatts of electric power. This represents a
                      further step towards the future development of
                      groundbreaking, cell-based technologies, such as bionic
                      sensory systems or miniaturized energy sources to power
                      various devices, or even 'intelligent implants', constantly
                      refueled by their surrounding nutrients.},
      cin          = {M120},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)M120-20160331},
      pnm          = {312 - Functional and structural genomics (POF3-312)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-312},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:26977386},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC4778514},
      doi          = {10.3762/bjnano.7.27},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/130598},
}