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000131068 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)15e7a0fdb8cf2ea0ac289bcde71a2024$$aRaffel, Simon$$b0$$eFirst author
000131068 245__ $$aBCAT1 restricts αKG levels in AML stem cells leading to IDHmut-like DNA hypermethylation.
000131068 260__ $$aLondon [u.a.]$$bNature Publ. Group$$c2017
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000131068 520__ $$aThe branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway and high levels of BCAA transaminase 1 (BCAT1) have recently been associated with aggressiveness in several cancer entities. However, the mechanistic role of BCAT1 in this process remains largely uncertain. Here, by performing high-resolution proteomic analysis of human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) stem-cell and non-stem-cell populations, we find the BCAA pathway enriched and BCAT1 protein and transcripts overexpressed in leukaemia stem cells. We show that BCAT1, which transfers α-amino groups from BCAAs to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), is a critical regulator of intracellular αKG homeostasis. Further to its role in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, αKG is an essential cofactor for αKG-dependent dioxygenases such as Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 (EGLN1) and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of DNA demethylases. Knockdown of BCAT1 in leukaemia cells caused accumulation of αKG, leading to EGLN1-mediated HIF1α protein degradation. This resulted in a growth and survival defect and abrogated leukaemia-initiating potential. By contrast, overexpression of BCAT1 in leukaemia cells decreased intracellular αKG levels and caused DNA hypermethylation through altered TET activity. AML with high levels of BCAT1 (BCAT1high) displayed a DNA hypermethylation phenotype similar to cases carrying a mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDHmut), in which TET2 is inhibited by the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. High levels of BCAT1 strongly correlate with shorter overall survival in IDHWTTET2WT, but not IDHmut or TET2mut AML. Gene sets characteristic for IDHmut AML were enriched in samples from patients with an IDHWTTET2WTBCAT1high status. BCAT1high AML showed robust enrichment for leukaemia stem-cell signatures, and paired sample analysis showed a significant increase in BCAT1 levels upon disease relapse. In summary, by limiting intracellular αKG, BCAT1 links BCAA catabolism to HIF1α stability and regulation of the epigenomic landscape, mimicking the effects of IDH mutations. Our results suggest the BCAA-BCAT1-αKG pathway as a therapeutic target to compromise leukaemia stem-cell function in patients with IDHWTTET2WT AML.
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000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)f299a5e8496e504b45347aa785206e36$$aFalcone, Mattia$$b1
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)0a651ad67f9c5fc48da2c1296b2644d7$$aKneisel, Niclas$$b2
000131068 7001_ $$aHansson, Jenny$$b3
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)e19f7f8051b12f0faf7b251ef382263f$$aWang, Wei$$b4
000131068 7001_ $$aLutz, Christoph$$b5
000131068 7001_ $$aBullinger, Lars$$b6
000131068 7001_ $$aPoschet, Gernot$$b7
000131068 7001_ $$aNonnenmacher, Yannic$$b8
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)bfc89a1754a6bf5f824dae9389ee9288$$aBarnert, Andrea$$b9$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)57a8e60704700d5fa3def0243b99b461$$aBahr, Carsten$$b10$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)a2e11989a461bebbb1ab7659e10c8d89$$aZeisberger, Petra$$b11$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)a04326e65ca276a4b54d5fd127d9845f$$aPrzybylla, Adriana$$b12$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)39965117aef10b17055de724893accee$$aSohn, Markus$$b13$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$aTönjes, Martje$$b14
000131068 7001_ $$aErez, Ayelet$$b15
000131068 7001_ $$aAdler, Lital$$b16
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)fd0996cc352f39d48cda87f474b1d033$$aJensen, Patrizia$$b17
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)2c1a21d1cf5fdc9e297512c9d1354250$$aScholl, Claudia$$b18
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)f0144d171d26dbedb67c9db1df35629d$$aFröhling, Stefan$$b19
000131068 7001_ $$aCocciardi, Sibylle$$b20
000131068 7001_ $$aWuchter, Patrick$$b21
000131068 7001_ $$aThiede, Christian$$b22
000131068 7001_ $$aFlörcken, Anne$$b23
000131068 7001_ $$aWestermann, Jörg$$b24
000131068 7001_ $$aEhninger, Gerhard$$b25
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)e13b4363c5fe858044ef8a39c02c870c$$aLichter, Peter$$b26
000131068 7001_ $$aHiller, Karsten$$b27
000131068 7001_ $$aHell, Rüdiger$$b28
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)be4a5aeed7282c071b3ff43e9685c48c$$aHerrmann, Carl$$b29$$udkfz
000131068 7001_ $$aHo, Anthony D$$b30
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)939d5891259c638c1ab053b1456a578c$$aKrijgsveld, Jeroen$$b31
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)d1939d434dd885fad08106329e3db719$$aRadlwimmer, Bernhard$$b32
000131068 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)732f4fbcddb0042251aa759a2e74d3b2$$aTrumpp, Andreas$$b33$$eLast author
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