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@ARTICLE{Strozyk:132676,
      author       = {D. Strozyk and T. M. Gress and L. Breitling$^*$},
      title        = {{S}moking and bone mineral density: comprehensive analyses
                      of the third {N}ational {H}ealth and {N}utrition
                      {E}xamination {S}urvey ({NHANES} {III}).},
      journal      = {Archives of osteoporosis},
      volume       = {13},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1862-3514},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-00336},
      pages        = {16},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Some questions remain on the relationship between smoking
                      and bone health. Detailed analyses of the relationship
                      between smoking and BMD are presented, essentially ruling
                      out non-linear associations as an explanation for
                      inconsistent results in the literature.To provide
                      comprehensive multiple regression and dose-response analyses
                      of the association between smoking behavior variables and
                      bone health as assessed by radiologically determined bone
                      mineral density in NHANES III.Analyzes of a representative
                      cross-sectional survey of the noninstitutionalized
                      population of the USA. Self-reported smoking behavior and
                      bone mineral density of 14,510 participants were analyzed
                      using survey design-based multiple linear regression
                      modeling. Dose-response patterns were analyzed using
                      restricted cubic spline regression.Femoral neck bone mineral
                      density in current smokers was numerically lower than in
                      never smokers, but this was not statistically significant
                      after controlling for confounders. In former smokers, bone
                      mineral density T scores were 0.064 units higher for every
                      10 years of abstinence, with little impact of confounder
                      adjustment. Spline regression revealed no relevant
                      non-linearity in the associations studied.Non-linearity is
                      an unlikely explanation for inconsistent results in the
                      literature on smoking and bone mineral density. Further and
                      especially longitudinal studies of the complex relationship
                      smoking with bone health would be particularly important
                      given the still substantial prevalence of smoking in an
                      aging global population.},
      cin          = {C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29502242},
      doi          = {10.1007/s11657-018-0426-8},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/132676},
}