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@ARTICLE{Wood:132874,
      author       = {A. M. Wood and S. Kaptoge and A. S. Butterworth and P.
                      Willeit and S. Warnakula and T. Bolton and E. Paige and D.
                      S. Paul and M. Sweeting and S. Burgess and S. Bell and W.
                      Astle and D. Stevens and A. Koulman and R. M. Selmer and W.
                      M. M. Verschuren and S. Sato and I. Njølstad and M.
                      Woodward and V. Salomaa and B. G. Nordestgaard and B. B.
                      Yeap and A. Fletcher and O. Melander and L. H. Kuller and B.
                      Balkau and M. Marmot and W. Koenig and E. Casiglia and C.
                      Cooper and V. Arndt$^*$ and O. H. Franco and P. Wennberg and
                      J. Gallacher and A. G. de la Cámara and H. Völzke and C.
                      C. Dahm and C. E. Dale and M. M. Bergmann and C. J. Crespo
                      and Y. T. van der Schouw and R. Kaaks$^*$ and L. A. Simons
                      and P. Lagiou and J. D. Schoufour and J. M. A. Boer and T.
                      J. Key and B. Rodriguez and C. Moreno-Iribas and K. W.
                      Davidson and J. O. Taylor and C. Sacerdote and R. B. Wallace
                      and J. R. Quiros and R. Tumino and D. G. Blazer and A.
                      Linneberg and M. Daimon and S. Panico and B. Howard and G.
                      Skeie and T. Strandberg and E. Weiderpass and P. J. Nietert
                      and B. M. Psaty and D. Kromhout and E. Salamanca-Fernandez
                      and S. Kiechl and H. M. Krumholz and S. Grioni and D. Palli
                      and J. M. Huerta and J. Price and J. Sundström and L.
                      Arriola and H. Arima and R. C. Travis and D. B. Panagiotakos
                      and A. Karakatsani and A. Trichopoulou and T. Kühn$^*$ and
                      D. E. Grobbee and E. Barrett-Connor and N. van Schoor and H.
                      Boeing and K. Overvad and J. Kauhanen and N. Wareham and C.
                      Langenberg and N. Forouhi and M. Wennberg and J.-P. Després
                      and M. Cushman and J. A. Cooper and C. J. Rodriguez and M.
                      Sakurai and J. E. Shaw and M. Knuiman and T. Voortman and C.
                      Meisinger and A. Tjønneland and H. Brenner$^*$ and L.
                      Palmieri and J. Dallongeville and E. J. Brunner and G.
                      Assmann and M. Trevisan and R. F. Gillum and I. Ford and N.
                      Sattar and M. Lazo and S. G. Thompson and P. Ferrari and D.
                      A. Leon and G. D. Smith and R. Peto and R. Jackson and E.
                      Banks and E. Di Angelantonio and J. Danesh and S. Veikko and
                      A. Flecther and A. Gómez de la Cámara and P. Lagiou and E.
                      B. Rimm and V. Salomaa and E. Salamanca-Fernandez and G.
                      Davey Smith},
      collaboration = {E. R. F. C. B. A. S. Group},
      title        = {{R}isk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined
                      analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912
                      current drinkers in 83 prospective studies.},
      journal      = {The lancet},
      volume       = {391},
      number       = {10129},
      issn         = {0140-6736},
      address      = {London [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-00516},
      pages        = {1513 - 1523},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary
                      substantially across different national guidelines. To
                      define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause
                      mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied
                      individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers
                      without previous cardiovascular disease.We did a combined
                      analysis of individual-participant data from three
                      large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the
                      Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK
                      Biobank). We characterised dose-response associations and
                      calculated hazard ratios (HRs) per 100 g per week of alcohol
                      (12·5 units per week) across 83 prospective studies,
                      adjusting at least for study or centre, age, sex, smoking,
                      and diabetes. To be eligible for the analysis, participants
                      had to have information recorded about their alcohol
                      consumption amount and status (ie, non-drinker vs current
                      drinker), plus age, sex, history of diabetes and smoking
                      status, at least 1 year of follow-up after baseline, and no
                      baseline history of cardiovascular disease. The main
                      analyses focused on current drinkers, whose baseline alcohol
                      consumption was categorised into eight predefined groups
                      according to the amount in grams consumed per week. We
                      assessed alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause
                      mortality, total cardiovascular disease, and several
                      cardiovascular disease subtypes. We corrected HRs for
                      estimated long-term variability in alcohol consumption using
                      152 640 serial alcohol assessments obtained some years
                      apart (median interval 5·6 years [5th-95th percentile
                      1·04-13·5]) from 71 011 participants from 37 studies.In
                      the 599 912 current drinkers included in the analysis, we
                      recorded 40 310 deaths and 39 018 incident
                      cardiovascular disease events during 5·4 million
                      person-years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, we
                      recorded a positive and curvilinear association with the
                      level of alcohol consumption, with the minimum mortality
                      risk around or below 100 g per week. Alcohol consumption was
                      roughly linearly associated with a higher risk of stroke (HR
                      per 100 g per week higher consumption 1·14, $95\%$ CI,
                      1·10-1·17), coronary disease excluding myocardial
                      infarction (1·06, 1·00-1·11), heart failure (1·09,
                      1·03-1·15), fatal hypertensive disease (1·24,
                      1·15-1·33); and fatal aortic aneurysm (1·15,
                      1·03-1·28). By contrast, increased alcohol consumption was
                      log-linearly associated with a lower risk of myocardial
                      infarction (HR 0·94, 0·91-0·97). In comparison to those
                      who reported drinking >0-≤100 g per week, those who
                      reported drinking >100-≤200 g per week, >200-≤350 g per
                      week, or >350 g per week had lower life expectancy at age 40
                      years of approximately 6 months, 1-2 years, or 4-5 years,
                      respectively.In current drinkers of alcohol in high-income
                      countries, the threshold for lowest risk of all-cause
                      mortality was about 100 g/week. For cardiovascular disease
                      subtypes other than myocardial infarction, there were no
                      clear risk thresholds below which lower alcohol consumption
                      stopped being associated with lower disease risk. These data
                      support limits for alcohol consumption that are lower than
                      those recommended in most current guidelines.UK Medical
                      Research Council, British Heart Foundation, National
                      Institute for Health Research, European Union Framework 7,
                      and European Research Council.},
      cin          = {C071 / C070 / G110 / C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C071-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)G110-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29676281},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC5899998},
      doi          = {10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30134-X},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/132874},
}