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@ARTICLE{Wang:137616,
      author       = {X. Wang and A. T. Chan and M. L. Slattery and J.
                      Chang-Claude$^*$ and J. D. Potter and S. Gallinger and B.
                      Caan and J. W. Lampe and P. A. Newcomb and N. Zubair and L.
                      Hsu and R. E. Schoen and M. Hoffmeister$^*$ and H.
                      Brenner$^*$ and L. Le Marchand and U. Peters and E. White},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of {S}moking, {B}ody {M}ass {I}ndex, and
                      {O}ther {F}actors on the {P}reventive {E}ffect of
                      {N}onsteroidal {A}nti-{I}nflammatory {D}rugs on {C}olorectal
                      {C}ancer {R}isk.},
      journal      = {Cancer research},
      volume       = {78},
      number       = {16},
      issn         = {1538-7445},
      address      = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
      publisher    = {AACR},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-01496},
      pages        = {4790 - 4799},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs' (NSAID) use has
                      consistently been associated with lower risk of colorectal
                      cancer; however, studies showed inconsistent results on
                      which cohort of individuals may benefit most. We performed
                      multivariable logistic regression analysis to systematically
                      test for the interaction between regular use of NSAIDs and
                      other lifestyle and dietary factors on colorectal cancer
                      risk among 11,894 cases and 15,999 controls. Fixed-effects
                      meta-analyses were used for stratified analyses across
                      studies for each risk factor and to summarize the estimates
                      from interactions. Regular use of any NSAID, aspirin, or
                      nonaspirin NSAIDs was significantly associated with a lower
                      risk of colorectal cancer within almost all subgroups.
                      However, smoking status and BMI were found to modify the
                      NSAID-colorectal cancer association. Aspirin use was
                      associated with a $29\%$ lower colorectal cancer risk among
                      never-smokers [odds ratios (OR) = 0.71; $95\%$ confidence
                      intervals (CI): 0.64-0.79], compared with $19\%$ and $17\%$
                      lower colorectal cancer risk among smokers of pack-years
                      below median (OR, 0.81; $95\%$ CI, 0.71-0.92) and above
                      median (OR, 0.83; $95\%$ CI, 0.74-0.94), respectively (P
                      interaction = 0.048). The association between any NSAID use
                      and colorectal cancer risk was also attenuated with
                      increasing BMI (P interaction = 0.075). Collectively, these
                      results suggest that obese individuals and heavy smokers are
                      unlikely to benefit as much as other groups from the
                      prophylactic effect of aspirin against colorectal
                      cancer.Significance: Obesity and heavy smoking attenuate the
                      benefit of aspirin use for colorectal cancer prevention.
                      Cancer Res; 78(16); 4790-9. ©2018 AACR.},
      cin          = {C020 / C070 / G110 / L101},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)G110-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)L101-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29921691},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6095723},
      doi          = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0326},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/137616},
}