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@ARTICLE{Lorenz:137636,
      author       = {N. Lorenz and S. Dänicke and L. Edler$^*$ and C.
                      Gottschalk and E. Lassek and D. Marko and M. Rychlik and A.
                      Mally},
      title        = {{A} critical evaluation of health risk assessment of
                      modified mycotoxins with a special focus on zearalenone.},
      journal      = {Mycotoxin research},
      volume       = {35},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {1867-1632},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-01516},
      pages        = {27-46},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {A comprehensive definition introducing the term 'modified
                      mycotoxins' to encompass all possible forms in which
                      mycotoxins and their modifications can occur was recently
                      proposed and has rapidly gained wide acceptance within the
                      scientific community. It is becoming increasingly evident
                      that exposure to such modified mycotoxins due to their
                      presence in food and feed has the potential to pose a
                      substantial additional risk to human and animal health.
                      Zearalenone (ZEN) is a well-characterized Fusarium toxin.
                      Considering the diversity of modified forms of ZEN occurring
                      in food and feed, the toxicologically relevant endocrine
                      activity of many of these metabolites, and the fact that
                      modified forms add to a dietary exposure which approaches
                      the tolerable daily intake by free ZEN alone, modified forms
                      of ZEN present an ideal case study for critical evaluation
                      of modified mycotoxins in food safety. Following a summary
                      of recent scientific opinions of EFSA dealing with health
                      risk assessment of ZEN alone or in combination with its
                      modified forms, uncertainties and data gaps are highlighted.
                      Issues essential for evaluation and prioritization of
                      modified mycotoxins in health risk assessment are identified
                      and discussed, including opportunities to improve exposure
                      assessment using biomonitoring data. Further issues such as
                      future consideration of combinatory effects of the parent
                      toxin with its modified forms and also other compounds
                      co-occurring in food and feed are addressed. With a
                      particular focus on ZEN, the most pressing challenges
                      associated with health risk assessment of modified
                      mycotoxins are identified and recommendations for further
                      research to fill data gaps and reduce uncertainties are
                      made.},
      cin          = {C060},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30209771},
      doi          = {10.1007/s12550-018-0328-z},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/137636},
}