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@ARTICLE{Watts:141156,
      author       = {E. L. Watts and P. N. Appleby and A. Perez-Cornago and H.
                      B. Bueno-de-Mesquita and J. M. Chan and C. Chen and B. A.
                      Cohn and M. B. Cook and L. Flicker and N. D. Freedman and G.
                      G. Giles and E. Giovannucci and R. E. Gislefoss and G. J.
                      Hankey and R. Kaaks$^*$ and P. Knekt and L. N. Kolonel and
                      T. Kubo and L. Le Marchand and R. N. Luben and T.
                      Luostarinen and S. Männistö and E. J. Metter and K. Mikami
                      and R. L. Milne and K. Ozasa and E. A. Platz and J. R.
                      Quirós and H. Rissanen and N. Sawada and M. Stampfer and F.
                      Z. Stanczyk and P. Stattin and A. Tamakoshi and C. M. Tangen
                      and I. M. Thompson and K. K. Tsilidis and S. Tsugane and G.
                      Ursin and L. Vatten and N. S. Weiss and B. B. Yeap and N. E.
                      Allen and T. J. Key and R. C. Travis},
      title        = {{L}ow {F}ree {T}estosterone and {P}rostate {C}ancer {R}isk:
                      {A} {C}ollaborative {A}nalysis of 20 {P}rospective
                      {S}tudies.},
      journal      = {European urology},
      volume       = {74},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0302-2838},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-01687},
      pages        = {585 - 594},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Experimental and clinical evidence implicates testosterone
                      in the aetiology of prostate cancer. Variation across the
                      normal range of circulating free testosterone concentrations
                      may not lead to changes in prostate biology, unless
                      circulating concentrations are low. This may also apply to
                      prostate cancer risk, but this has not been investigated in
                      an epidemiological setting.To examine whether men with low
                      concentrations of circulating free testosterone have a
                      reduced risk of prostate cancer.Analysis of individual
                      participant data from 20 prospective studies including 6933
                      prostate cancer cases, diagnosed on average 6.8 yr after
                      blood collection, and 12 088 controls in the Endogenous
                      Hormones, Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer
                      Collaborative Group.Odds ratios (ORs) of incident overall
                      prostate cancer and subtypes by stage and grade, using
                      conditional logistic regression, based on study-specific
                      tenths of calculated free testosterone concentration.Men in
                      the lowest tenth of free testosterone concentration had a
                      lower risk of overall prostate cancer (OR=0.77, $95\%$
                      confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.86; p<0.001) compared with
                      men with higher concentrations (2nd-10th tenths of the
                      distribution). Heterogeneity was present by tumour grade
                      (phet=0.01), with a lower risk of low-grade disease
                      (OR=0.76, $95\%$ CI 0.67-0.88) and a nonsignificantly higher
                      risk of high-grade disease (OR=1.56, $95\%$ CI 0.95-2.57).
                      There was no evidence of heterogeneity by tumour stage. The
                      observational design is a limitation.Men with low
                      circulating free testosterone may have a lower risk of
                      overall prostate cancer; this may be due to a direct
                      biological effect, or detection bias. Further research is
                      needed to explore the apparent differential association by
                      tumour grade.In this study, we looked at circulating
                      testosterone levels and risk of developing prostate cancer,
                      finding that men with low testosterone had a lower risk of
                      prostate cancer.},
      subtyp        = {Editorial},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30077399},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.eururo.2018.07.024},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/141156},
}