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@ARTICLE{Ward:141192,
      author       = {H. A. Ward and J. Whitman and D. C. Muller and M. Johansson
                      and P. Jakszyn and E. Weiderpass and D. Palli and A. Fanidi
                      and R. Vermeulen and A. Tjønneland and L. Hansen and C. C.
                      Dahm and K. Overvad and G. Severi and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault
                      and A. Affret and R. Kaaks$^*$ and R. Fortner$^*$ and H.
                      Boeing and A. Trichopoulou and C. La Vecchia and A.
                      Kotanidou and F. Berrino and V. Krogh and R. Tumino and F.
                      Ricceri and S. Panico and H. B. Bueno-de-Mesquita and P. H.
                      Peeters and T. H. Nøst and T. M. Sandanger and J. R.
                      Quirós and A. Agudo and M. Rodríguez-Barranco and N.
                      Larrañaga and J. M. Huerta and E. Ardanaz and I. Drake and
                      H. Brunnström and M. Johansson and K. Grankvist and R. C.
                      Travis and H. Freisling and M. Stepien and M. A. Merritt and
                      E. Riboli and A. J. Cross},
      title        = {{H}aem iron intake and risk of lung cancer in the
                      {E}uropean {P}rospective {I}nvestigation into {C}ancer and
                      {N}utrition ({EPIC}) cohort.},
      journal      = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
      volume       = {73},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1476-5640},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Nature Publ. Group},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-01715},
      pages        = {1122-1132},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Epidemiological studies suggest that haem iron, which is
                      found predominantly in red meat and increases endogenous
                      formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, may be
                      positively associated with lung cancer. The objective was to
                      examine the relationship between haem iron intake and lung
                      cancer risk using detailed smoking history data and serum
                      cotinine to control for potential confounding.In the
                      European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
                      (EPIC), 416,746 individuals from 10 countries completed
                      demographic and dietary questionnaires at recruitment. Cox
                      proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard
                      ratios (HRs) and $95\%$ confidence intervals (CIs) for
                      incident lung cancer (n = 3731) risk relative to haem
                      iron, non-haem iron, and total dietary iron intake. A
                      corresponding analysis was conducted among a nested subset
                      of 800 lung cancer cases and 1489 matched controls for whom
                      serum cotinine was available.Haem iron was associated with
                      lung cancer risk, including after adjustment for details of
                      smoking history (time since quitting, number of cigarettes
                      per day): as a continuous variable (HR per
                      0.3 mg/1000 kcal 1.03, $95\%$ CI 1.00-1.07), and in the
                      highest versus lowest quintile (HR 1.16, $95\%$ CI
                      1.02-1.32; trend across quintiles: P = 0.035). In
                      contrast, non-haem iron intake was related inversely with
                      lung cancer risk; however, this association attenuated after
                      adjustment for smoking history. Additional adjustment for
                      serum cotinine did not considerably alter the associations
                      detected in the nested case-control subset.Greater haem iron
                      intake may be modestly associated with lung cancer risk.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30337714},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41430-018-0271-2},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/141192},
}