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@ARTICLE{Murphy:141424,
      author       = {N. Murphy and H. A. Ward and M. Jenab and J. A. Rothwell
                      and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault and F. Carbonnel and M. Kvaskoff
                      and R. Kaaks$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$ and H. Boeing and K.
                      Aleksandrova and E. Weiderpass and G. Skeie and K. B. Borch
                      and A. Tjønneland and C. Kyrø and K. Overvad and C. C.
                      Dahm and P. Jakszyn and M.-J. Sánchez and L. Gil and J. M.
                      Huerta and A. Barricarte and J. R. Quirós and K.-T. Khaw
                      and N. Wareham and K. E. Bradbury and A. Trichopoulou and C.
                      La Vecchia and A. Karakatsani and D. Palli and S. Grioni and
                      R. Tumino and F. Fasanelli and S. Panico and B.
                      Bueno-de-Mesquita and P. H. Peeters and B. Gylling and R.
                      Myte and K. Jirström and J. Berntsson and X. Xue and E.
                      Riboli and A. J. Cross and M. J. Gunter},
      title        = {{H}eterogeneity of {C}olorectal {C}ancer {R}isk {F}actors
                      by {A}natomical {S}ubsite in 10 {E}uropean {C}ountries:
                      {A} {M}ultinational {C}ohort {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology},
      volume       = {17},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1542-3565},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2018-01930},
      pages        = {1323-1331.e6},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Colorectal cancer located at different anatomical subsites
                      may have distinct etiologies and risk factors. Previous
                      studies that have examined this hypothesis have yielded
                      inconsistent results, possibly because most studies have
                      been of insufficient size to identify heterogeneous
                      associations with precision.In the European Prospective
                      Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study, we used
                      multivariable joint Cox proportional hazards models, which
                      accounted for tumors at different anatomical sites (proximal
                      colon, distal colon, and rectum) as competing risks, to
                      examine the relationships between 14 established/suspected
                      lifestyle, anthropometric, and reproductive/menstrual risk
                      factors with colorectal cancer risk. Heterogeneity across
                      sites was tested using Wald tests.After a median of 14.9
                      years of follow-up evaluation of 521,330 men and women, 6291
                      colorectal cancer cases occurred. Physical activity was
                      related inversely to proximal colon and distal colon cancer,
                      but not to rectal cancer (P heterogeneity = .03). Height
                      was associated positively with proximal and distal colon
                      cancer only, but not rectal cancer (P heterogeneity =
                      .0001). For men, but not women, heterogeneous relationships
                      were observed for body mass index (P heterogeneity = .008)
                      and waist circumference (P heterogeneity = .03), with
                      weaker positive associations found for rectal cancer,
                      compared with proximal and distal colon cancer. Current
                      smoking was associated with a greater risk of rectal and
                      proximal colon cancer, but not distal colon cancer (P
                      heterogeneity = .05). No heterogeneity by anatomical site
                      was found for alcohol consumption, diabetes, nonsteroidal
                      anti-inflammatory drug use, and reproductive/menstrual
                      factors.The physical activity, anthropometry, and smoking
                      relationships with colorectal cancer risk differed by
                      subsite, supporting the hypothesis that tumors in different
                      anatomical regions may have distinct etiologies.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30056182},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.030},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/141424},
}