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C. Abbafati and N. Abbasi and H. Abbastabar and F. Abd-Allah
and J. Abdela and A. Abdelalim and I. Abdollahpour and R. S.
Abdulkader and H. T. Abebe and M. Abebe and Z. Abebe and A.
N. Abejie and S. F. Abera and O. Z. Abil and H. N. Abraha
and A. R. Abrham and L. J. Abu-Raddad and M. M. K.
Accrombessi and D. Acharya and A. A. Adamu and O. M. Adebayo
and R. A. Adedoyin and V. Adekanmbi and O. O. Adetokunboh
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and G. Agarwal and K. M. Agesa and A. Agrawal and S. Agrawal
and A. Ahmadi and M. Ahmadi and M. B. Ahmed and S. Ahmed and
A. N. Aichour and I. Aichour and M. T. E. Aichour and M. E.
Akbari and R. O. Akinyemi and N. Akseer and Z. Al-Aly and A.
Al-Eyadhy and R. M. Al-Raddadi and F. Alahdab and K. Alam
and T. Alam and A. Alebel and K. A. Alene and M. Alijanzadeh
and R. Alizadeh-Navaei and S. M. Aljunid and A. Alkerwi and
F. Alla and P. Allebeck and J. Alonso and K. Altirkawi and
N. Alvis-Guzman and A. T. Amare and L. N. Aminde and E.
Amini and W. Ammar and Y. A. Amoako and N. H. Anber and C.
L. Andrei and S. Androudi and M. D. Animut and M. Anjomshoa
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Arora and A. Artaman and K. K. Aryal and H. Asayesh and E.
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N. J. Kassebaum and S. V. Katikireddi and A. Kaul and Z.
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P. N. Keiyoro and G. R. Kemp and A. P. Kengne and A. Keren
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K. S. Knudsen and J. M. Kocarnik and S. Kochhar and Y.
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Koyanagi and M. A. Kravchenko and K. Krishan and B. Kuate
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Kumar and M. J. Kutz and I. Kuzin and H. H. Kyu and D. P.
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Lalloo and T. Lallukka and J. O. Lam and F. H. Lami and V.
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J. Leigh and M. Leili and C. T. Leshargie and S. Li and Y.
Li and J. Liang and L.-L. Lim and S. S. Lim and M. A.
Limenih and S. Linn and S. Liu and Y. Liu and R. Lodha and
C. Lonsdale and A. D. Lopez and S. Lorkowski and P. A.
Lotufo and R. Lozano and R. Lunevicius and S. Ma and E. R.
K. Macarayan and M. T. Mackay and J. H. MacLachlan and E. R.
Maddison and F. Madotto and H. Magdy Abd El Razek and M.
Magdy Abd El Razek and D. P. Maghavani and M. Majdan and R.
Majdzadeh and A. Majeed and R. Malekzadeh and D. C. Malta
and A.-L. Manda and L. G. Mandarano-Filho and H. Manguerra
and M. A. Mansournia and C. C. Mapoma and D. Marami and J.
C. Maravilla and W. Marcenes and L. Marczak and A. Marks and
G. B. Marks and G. Martinez and F. R. Martins-Melo and I.
Martopullo and W. März and M. B. Marzan and J. R. Masci and
B. B. Massenburg and M. R. Mathur and P. Mathur and R.
Matzopoulos and P. K. Maulik and M. Mazidi and C. McAlinden
and J. J. McGrath and M. McKee and B. J. McMahon and S.
Mehata and M. M. Mehndiratta and R. Mehrotra and K. M. Mehta
and V. Mehta and T. C. Mekonnen and A. Melese and M. Melku
and P. T. N. Memiah and Z. A. Memish and W. Mendoza and D.
T. Mengistu and G. Mengistu and G. A. Mensah and S. T.
Mereta and A. Meretoja and T. J. Meretoja and T. Mestrovic
and H. B. Mezgebe and B. Miazgowski and T. Miazgowski and A.
I. Millear and T. R. Miller and M. K. Miller-Petrie and G.
K. Mini and P. Mirabi and M. Mirarefin and A. Mirica and E.
M. Mirrakhimov and A. T. Misganaw and H. Mitiku and B.
Moazen and K. A. Mohammad and M. Mohammadi and N.
Mohammadifard and M. A. Mohammed and S. Mohammed and V.
Mohan and A. H. Mokdad and M. Molokhia and L. Monasta and G.
Moradi and M. Moradi-Lakeh and M. Moradinazar and P. Moraga
and L. Morawska and I. Moreno Velásquez and J.
Morgado-Da-Costa and S. D. Morrison and M. M. Moschos and S.
Mouodi and S. M. Mousavi and K. F. Muchie and U. O. Mueller
and S. Mukhopadhyay and K. Muller and J. E. Mumford and J.
Musa and K. I. Musa and G. Mustafa and S. Muthupandian and
J. B. Nachega and G. Nagel and A. Naheed and A. Nahvijou and
G. Naik and S. Nair and F. Najafi and L. Naldi and H. S. Nam
and V. Nangia and J. R. Nansseu and B. R. Nascimento and G.
Natarajan and N. Neamati and I. Negoi and R. I. Negoi and S.
Neupane and C. R. J. Newton and F. N. Ngalesoni and J. W.
Ngunjiri and A. Q. Nguyen and G. Nguyen and H. T. Nguyen and
H. T. Nguyen and L. H. Nguyen and M. Nguyen and T. H. Nguyen
and E. Nichols and D. N. A. Ningrum and Y. L. Nirayo and M.
R. Nixon and N. Nolutshungu and S. Nomura and O. F. Norheim
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Nouri and M. Nourollahpour Shiadeh and M. R. Nowroozi and P.
S. Nyasulu and C. M. Odell and R. Ofori-Asenso and F. A.
Ogbo and I.-H. Oh and O. Oladimeji and A. T. Olagunju and P.
R. Olivares and H. E. Olsen and B. O. Olusanya and J. O.
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M. Orpana and A. Ortiz and J. R. Ortiz and S. S. Otstavnov
and S. Øverland and M. O. Owolabi and R. Özdemir and M. P
A and R. Pacella and S. Pakhale and A. P. Pakhare and A. H.
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F. B. Piel and D. M. Pigott and J. D. Pillay and M. Pirsaheb
and F. Pishgar and S. Polinder and M. J. Postma and A.
Pourshams and H. Poustchi and A. Pujar and S. Prakash and N.
Prasad and C. A. Purcell and M. Qorbani and H. Quintana and
D. A. Quistberg and K. W. Rade and A. Radfar and A. Rafay
and A. Rafiei and F. Rahim and K. Rahimi and A.
Rahimi-Movaghar and M. Rahman and M. H. U. Rahman and M. A.
Rahman and R. K. Rai and S. Rajsic and U. Ram and C. L.
Ranabhat and P. Ranjan and P. C. Rao and D. L. Rawaf and S.
Rawaf and C. Razo-García and K. S. Reddy and R. C. Reiner
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Resnikoff and S. Rezaei and S. Rezaeian and M. S. Rezai and
S. M. Riahi and A. L. P. Ribeiro and M. J. Rios-Blancas and
K. T. Roba and N. L. S. Roberts and S. R. Robinson and L.
Roever and L. Ronfani and G. Roshandel and A. Rostami and D.
Rothenbacher and A. Roy and E. Rubagotti and P. S. Sachdev
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M. A. Sahraian and N. Salam and J. S. Salama and P. Salamati
and R. D. F. Saldanha and Z. Saleem and Y. Salimi and S. S.
Salvi and I. Salz and E. Z. Sambala and A. M. Samy and J.
Sanabria and M. D. Sanchez-Niño and D. F. Santomauro and I.
S. Santos and J. V. Santos and M. M. S. Milicevic and B. P.
Sao Jose and A. R. Sarker and R. Sarmiento-Suárez and N.
Sarrafzadegan and B. Sartorius and S. Sarvi and B. Sathian
and M. Satpathy and A. R. Sawant and M. Sawhney and S.
Saxena and M. Sayyah and E. Schaeffner and M. I. Schmidt and
I. J. C. Schneider and B. Schöttker$^*$ and A. E. Schutte
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A. Shafieesabet and M. Shahbazi and A. A. Shaheen and M. A.
Shaikh and M. Shams-Beyranvand and M. Shamsi and M.
Shamsizadeh and K. Sharafi and M. Sharif and M.
Sharif-Alhoseini and R. Sharma and J. She and A. Sheikh and
P. Shi and M. S. Shiferaw and M. Shigematsu and R. Shiri and
R. Shirkoohi and I. Shiue and F. Shokraneh and M. G. Shrime
and S. Si and S. Siabani and T. J. Siddiqi and I. D.
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D. A. S. Silva and J. P. Silva and N. T. D. Silva and D. G.
A. Silveira and J. A. Singh and N. P. Singh and P. K. Singh
and V. Singh and D. N. Sinha and K. Sliwa and M. Smith and
B. H. Sobaih and S. Sobhani and E. Sobngwi and S. S. Soneji
and M. Soofi and R. J. D. Sorensen and J. B. Soriano and I.
N. Soyiri and L. A. Sposato and C. T. Sreeramareddy and V.
Srinivasan and J. D. Stanaway and V. I. Starodubov and V.
Stathopoulou and D. J. Stein and C. Steiner and L. G.
Stewart and M. A. Stokes and M. L. Subart and A. Sudaryanto
and M. B. Sufiyan and P. J. Sur and I. Sutradhar and B. L.
Sykes and P. N. Sylaja and D. O. Sylte and C. E. I. Szoeke
and R. Tabarés-Seisdedos and T. Tabuchi and S. K.
Tadakamadla and K. Takahashi and N. Tandon and S. G. Tassew
and N. Taveira and A. Tehrani-Banihashemi and T. G. Tekalign
and M. G. Tekle and M.-H. Temsah and O. Temsah and A. S.
Terkawi and M. Y. Teshale and B. Tessema and G. A. Tessema
and K. R. Thankappan and S. Thirunavukkarasu and N. Thomas
and A. G. Thrift and G. D. Thurston and B. Tilahun and Q. G.
To and R. Tobe-Gai and M. Tonelli and R. Topor-Madry and A.
E. Torre and M. Tortajada-Girbés and M. Touvier and M. R.
Tovani-Palone and B. X. Tran and K. B. Tran and S. Tripathi
and C. E. Troeger and T. C. Truelsen and N. T. Truong and A.
G. Tsadik and D. Tsoi and L. Tudor Car and E. M. Tuzcu and
S. Tyrovolas and K. N. Ukwaja and I. Ullah and E. A.
Undurraga and R. L. Updike and M. S. Usman and O. A. Uthman
and S. B. Uzun and M. Vaduganathan and A. Vaezi and G.
Vaidya and P. R. Valdez and E. Varavikova and T. J.
Vasankari and N. Venketasubramanian and S. Villafaina and F.
S. Violante and S. K. Vladimirov and V. Vlassov and S. E.
Vollset and T. Vos and G. R. Wagner and F. S. Wagnew and Y.
Waheed and M. T. Wallin and J. L. Walson and Y. Wang and
Y.-P. Wang and M. M. Wassie and E. Weiderpass and R. G.
Weintraub and F. Weldegebreal and K. G. Weldegwergs and A.
Werdecker and A. A. Werkneh and T. E. West and R. Westerman
and H. A. Whiteford and J. Widecka and L. B. Wilner and S.
Wilson and A. S. Winkler and C. S. Wiysonge and C. D. A.
Wolfe and S. Wu and Y.-C. Wu and G. M. A. Wyper and D.
Xavier and G. Xu and S. Yadgir and A. Yadollahpour and S. H.
Yahyazadeh Jabbari and B. Yakob and L. L. Yan and Y. Yano
and M. Yaseri and Y. J. Yasin and G. K. Yentür and A.
Yeshaneh and E. M. Yimer and P. Yip and B. D. Yirsaw and E.
Yisma and N. Yonemoto and G. Yonga and S.-J. Yoon and M.
Yotebieng and M. Z. Younis and M. Yousefifard and C. Yu and
V. Zadnik and Z. Zaidi and S. B. Zaman and M. Zamani and Z.
Zare and A. J. Zeleke and Z. M. Zenebe and A. L. Zhang and
K. Zhang and M. Zhou and S. Zodpey and L. J. Zuhlke and M.
Naghavi and C. J. L. Murray},
collaboration = {GBD 2017 Causes of {Death Collaborators}},
title = {{G}lobal, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality
for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories,
1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the {G}lobal {B}urden
of {D}isease {S}tudy 2017.},
journal = {The lancet},
volume = {392},
number = {10159},
issn = {0140-6736},
address = {London [u.a.]},
publisher = {Elsevier},
reportid = {DKFZ-2018-02345},
pages = {1736 - 1788},
year = {2018},
abstract = {Global development goals increasingly rely on
country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's
progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases,
Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated
global, regional, national, and, for selected locations,
subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year
1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of
newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides
a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for
282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to
2017.The causes of death database is composed of vital
registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey,
police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA
studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry
country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year.
Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in
18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available
data led to subnational estimates for five additional
countries-Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia.
Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases
(ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate
causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by
redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into
uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools
developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble
model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and
cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and
sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions,
GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and
fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs)
were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by
the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported
here are age-standardised.At the broadest grouping of causes
of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to
$73·4\%$ $(95\%$ uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5-74·1) of
total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal,
neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for
$18·6\%$ (17·9-19·6), and injuries $8·0\%$ (7·7-8·2).
Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007
to 2017 by $22·7\%$ (21·5-23·9), representing an
additional 7·61 million (7·20-8·01) deaths estimated in
2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased
globally by $7·9\%$ (7·0-8·8). The number of deaths for
CMNN causes decreased by $22·2\%$ (20·0-24·0) and the
death rate by $31·8\%$ (30·1-33·3). Total deaths from
injuries increased by $2·3\%$ (0·5-4·0) between 2007 and
2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by
$13·7\%$ (12·2-15·1) to 57·9 deaths (55·9-59·2) per
100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also
increased, rising from 284 000 deaths
(268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000
(334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total
deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by $118·0\%$
(88·8-148·6). A greater reduction in total deaths and
death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children
younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a
$36·4\%$ (32·2-40·6) reduction in deaths from lower
respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years
compared with a $33·6\%$ (31·2-36·1) increase in adults
older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was
greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except
at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect
an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs
from enteric infections, respiratory infections and
tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between
1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at
the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At
the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from
neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased
across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles.
The leading causes of YLLs in 1990-neonatal disorders, lower
respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases-were ranked
second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated
YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in
2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates
decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total
deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality
between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific
mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for
all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological
disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases.Improvements
in global health have been unevenly distributed among
populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use
disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and
cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global
health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and
enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for
children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing
disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups.
Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are
themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and
the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past
decade.Bill $\&$ Melinda Gates Foundation.},
cin = {C070 / G110},
ddc = {610},
cid = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)G110-20160331},
pnm = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
pubmed = {pmid:30496103},
pmc = {pmc:PMC6227606},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7},
url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/142115},
}
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