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@ARTICLE{Nichols:142254,
      author       = {H. B. Nichols and M. J. Schoemaker and J. Cai and J. Xu and
                      L. B. Wright and M. N. Brook and M. E. Jones and H.-O. Adami
                      and L. Baglietto and K. A. Bertrand and W. J. Blot and M.-C.
                      Boutron-Ruault and M. Dorronsoro and L. Dossus and A. H.
                      Eliassen and G. G. Giles and I. T. Gram and S. E. Hankinson
                      and J. Hoffman-Bolton and R. Kaaks$^*$ and T. J. Key and C.
                      M. Kitahara and S. C. Larsson and M. Linet and M. A. Merritt
                      and R. L. Milne and V. Pala and J. R. Palmer and P. H.
                      Peeters and E. Riboli and M. Sund and R. M. Tamimi and A.
                      Tjønneland and A. Trichopoulou and G. Ursin and L. Vatten
                      and K. Visvanathan and E. Weiderpass and A. Wolk and W.
                      Zheng and C. R. Weinberg and A. J. Swerdlow and D. P.
                      Sandler},
      title        = {{B}reast {C}ancer {R}isk {A}fter {R}ecent {C}hildbirth: {A}
                      {P}ooled {A}nalysis of 15 {P}rospective {S}tudies.},
      journal      = {Annals of Internal Medicine},
      volume       = {170},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0003-4819},
      address      = {Los Angeles, Calif.},
      publisher    = {CurAnt Communications},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-00057},
      pages        = {22-30},
      year         = {2019},
      note         = {Annals of Internal Medicine eISSN: 1539-3704 ISSN:
                      0003-4819},
      abstract     = {Parity is widely recognized as protective for breast
                      cancer, but breast cancer risk may be increased shortly
                      after childbirth. Whether this risk varies with
                      breastfeeding, family history of breast cancer, or specific
                      tumor subtype has rarely been evaluated.To characterize
                      breast cancer risk in relation to recent childbirth.Pooled
                      analysis of individual-level data from 15 prospective cohort
                      studies.The international Premenopausal Breast Cancer
                      Collaborative Group.Women younger than 55 years.During 9.6
                      million person-years of follow-up, 18 826 incident cases of
                      breast cancer were diagnosed. Hazard ratios (HRs) and $95\%$
                      CIs for breast cancer were calculated using Cox proportional
                      hazards regression.Compared with nulliparous women, parous
                      women had an HR for breast cancer that peaked about 5 years
                      after birth (HR, 1.80 $[95\%$ CI, 1.63 to 1.99]) before
                      decreasing to 0.77 (CI, 0.67 to 0.88) after 34 years. The
                      association crossed over from positive to negative about 24
                      years after birth. The overall pattern was driven by
                      estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer; no crossover
                      was seen for ER-negative cancer. Increases in breast cancer
                      risk after childbirth were pronounced when combined with a
                      family history of breast cancer and were greater for women
                      who were older at first birth or who had more births.
                      Breastfeeding did not modify overall risk patterns.Breast
                      cancer diagnoses during pregnancy were not uniformly
                      distinguishable from early postpartum diagnoses. Data on
                      human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene
                      overexpression were limited.Compared with nulliparous women,
                      parous women have an increased risk for breast cancer for
                      more than 20 years after childbirth. Health care providers
                      should consider recent childbirth a risk factor for breast
                      cancer in young women.The Avon Foundation, the National
                      Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Breast Cancer
                      Now and the UK National Health Service, and the Institute of
                      Cancer Research.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30534999},
      doi          = {10.7326/M18-1323},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/142254},
}