% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Machiraju:142479,
      author       = {D. Machiraju and I. Moll and C. Gebhardt$^*$ and A. Sucker
                      and K. Buder-Bakhaya and D. Schadendorf and J. Hassel$^*$},
      title        = {{STAT}5 expression correlates with recurrence and survival
                      in melanoma patients treated with interferon-α.},
      journal      = {Melanoma research},
      volume       = {28},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {0960-8931},
      address      = {[s.l.]},
      publisher    = {Ovid},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-00198},
      pages        = {204-210},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {Interferons (IFN) have a direct growth-inhibiting effect on
                      tumor cells through Janus kinase-dependent activation of the
                      transcription factor signal transducer and activator of
                      transcription (STAT1). In vitro, signaling through STAT5 has
                      been demonstrated to counteract this effect and lead to IFN
                      resistance of melanoma cell lines. In 32 patients treated
                      with IFN-α in an adjuvant setting, we investigated
                      paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from primary melanomas and
                      melanoma metastases for expression of STAT3 and STAT5, by
                      immunohistochemistry, and for expression of phosphorylated
                      signaling transduction activating transcription factor
                      (pSTAT)3 and pSTAT5, by immunofluorescence. Tumor cell
                      expression levels of these proteins were correlated with
                      patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. The patient
                      cohort consisted of 12 $(37.5\%)$ patients at AJCC stage
                      I/II (primary melanoma) and 20 $(62.5\%)$ at stage III/IV
                      (metastatic melanoma). Recurrence was observed for 25
                      $(78.1\%)$ either during or after IFN-α therapy. χ
                      Correlation of staining intensities with clinical data
                      revealed association of pSTAT3 and STAT5 expression with sex
                      (P=0.003 and 0.016, respectively) and of STAT3 with tumor
                      stage (P=0.019). Recurrence of melanoma was found to be
                      associated with high STAT5 expression (P=0.017).
                      Multivariable regression analysis revealed STAT5 expression
                      as an independent factor for predicting progression-free
                      survival (P<0.0001) and overall survival (P=0.022). In
                      summary, high expression of STAT5 correlated with melanoma
                      recurrence and survival of patients treated with IFN-α in
                      the adjuvant setting. Recently, it has been suggested that
                      mutations of Janus kinases are involved in resistance to
                      immune checkpoint blocker treatments implying a possible
                      role of STAT5 for immune checkpoint resistance.},
      keywords     = {Interferon-alpha (NLM Chemicals) / STAT5 Transcription
                      Factor (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {G300},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)G300-20160331},
      pnm          = {317 - Translational cancer research (POF3-317)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-317},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:29485532},
      doi          = {10.1097/CMR.0000000000000435},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/142479},
}