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@ARTICLE{Vissers:143244,
      author       = {L. E. T. Vissers and I. Sluijs and Y. T. van der Schouw and
                      N. G. Forouhi and F. Imamura and S. Burgess and A.
                      Barricarte and H. Boeing and C. Bonet and M.-D. Chirlaque
                      and G. Fagherazzi and P. W. Franks and H. Freisling and M.
                      J. Gunter and J. R. Quirós and D. B. Ibsen and R. Kaaks$^*$
                      and T. Key and K. T. Khaw and T. Kühn$^*$ and O. Mokoroa
                      and P. M. Nilsson and K. Overvad and V. Pala and D. Palli
                      and S. Panico and C. Sacerdote and A. M. W. Spijkerman and
                      A. Tjonneland and R. Tumino and M. Rodríguez-Barranco and
                      O. Rolandsson and E. Riboli and S. J. Sharp and C.
                      Langenberg and N. J. Wareham},
      title        = {{D}airy {P}roduct {I}ntake and {R}isk of {T}ype 2
                      {D}iabetes in {EPIC}-{I}nter{A}ct: {A} {M}endelian
                      {R}andomization {S}tudy.},
      journal      = {Diabetes care},
      volume       = {42},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {1935-5548},
      address      = {Alexandria, Va.},
      publisher    = {Assoc.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-00842},
      pages        = {568 - 575},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {To estimate the causal association between intake of dairy
                      products and incident type 2 diabetes.The analysis included
                      21,820 European individuals (9,686 diabetes cases) of the
                      European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
                      (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study. Participants were
                      genotyped, and rs4988235 (LCT-12910C>T), a single nucleotide
                      polymorphism (SNP) for lactase persistence (LP) that enables
                      digestion of dairy sugar, i.e., lactose, was imputed.
                      Baseline dietary intakes were assessed with diet
                      questionnaires. We investigated the associations between
                      imputed SNP dosage for rs4988235 and intake of dairy
                      products and other foods through linear regression.
                      Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for the milk-diabetes
                      relationship were obtained through a two-stage least squares
                      regression.Each additional LP allele was associated with a
                      higher intake of milk (β 17.1 g/day, $95\%$ CI 10.6-23.6)
                      and milk beverages (β 2.8 g/day, $95\%$ CI 1.0-4.5) but not
                      with intake of other dairy products. Other dietary intakes
                      associated with rs4988235 included fruits (β -7.0 g/day,
                      $95\%$ CI -12.4 to -1.7 per additional LP allele),
                      nonalcoholic beverages (β -18.0 g/day, $95\%$ CI -34.4 to
                      -1.6), and wine (β -4.8 g/day, $95\%$ CI -9.1 to -0.6). In
                      instrumental variable analysis, LP-associated milk intake
                      was not associated with diabetes (hazard ratioper 15 g/day
                      0.99, $95\%$ CI 0.93-1.05).rs4988235 was associated with
                      milk intake but not with intake of other dairy products.
                      This MR study does not suggest that milk intake is
                      associated with diabetes, which is consistent with previous
                      observational and genetic associations. LP may be associated
                      with intake of other foods as well, but owing to the modest
                      associations, we consider it unlikely that this caused the
                      observed null result.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30728219},
      doi          = {10.2337/dc18-2034},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/143244},
}