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@ARTICLE{Joisten:143357,
      author       = {N. Joisten and D. Walzik and A. Schenk and W. Bloch and P.
                      Zimmer$^*$ and P. Wahl},
      title        = {{A}qua cycling for immunological recovery after intensive,
                      eccentric exercise.},
      journal      = {European journal of applied physiology},
      volume       = {119},
      number       = {6},
      issn         = {1439-6327},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-00945},
      pages        = {1369-1375},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Alterations in immunological homeostasis induced by acute
                      exercise have been frequently reported. In view of the
                      growing amount of repetitive exercise stimuli in competitive
                      sports, quick recovery plays a superior role. Therefore, we
                      examined whether aqua cycling affects cellular immunological
                      recovery.After performing 300 countermovement jumps with
                      maximal effort male sport students (n = 20;
                      24.4 ± 2.2 years) were randomized into either an aqua
                      cycling (AC) or a passive recovery (P) group. AC pedaled in
                      chest-deep water without resistance, while P lay in a supine
                      position. Each recovery protocols lasted 30 min. Blood
                      samples were taken at Baseline, Post-exercise, Post-recovery
                      and 1 h (h), 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after
                      recovery. Outcomes comprised white blood cell (WBC) counts,
                      lymphocyte (LYM) counts and LYM subsets (CD4/CD8 ratio).
                      Additionally, cellular inflammation markers
                      (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte
                      ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII))
                      were calculated.In both groups, WBC, NLR and SII were
                      significantly increased compared to Baseline up to and
                      including 4 h after recovery. Significant interaction
                      effects were found for WBC (Post-recovery, 2 h and 4 h),
                      NLR (Post-recovery), SII (Post-recovery) and CD4/CD8 ratio
                      (2 h) with values of AC being higher than of
                      P.Interestingly, AC provoked a stronger but not prolonged
                      immunological disturbance than P. NLR and SII may present
                      simple, more integrative markers to screen exercise-induced
                      alterations in immune homeostasis/recovery in athletes and
                      clinical populations. More research is warranted to
                      elucidate the clinical and practical relevance of these
                      findings.},
      cin          = {C110},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C110-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30895460},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00421-019-04127-4},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/143357},
}