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@ARTICLE{Sowah:143619,
      author       = {S. A. Sowah$^*$ and L. Riedl$^*$ and A. Damms-Machado$^*$
                      and T. S. Johnson$^*$ and R. Schübel$^*$ and M. Graf$^*$
                      and E. Kartal and G. Zeller and L. Schwingshackl and G. I.
                      Stangl and R. Kaaks$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$},
      title        = {{E}ffects of {W}eight-{L}oss {I}nterventions on
                      {S}hort-{C}hain {F}atty {A}cid {C}oncentrations in {B}lood
                      and {F}eces of {A}dults: {A} {S}ystematic {R}eview.},
      journal      = {Advances in nutrition},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2156-5376},
      address      = {Bethesda, MD},
      publisher    = {ASN},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-01196},
      pages        = {673-684},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, mainly acetate, propionate,
                      and butyrate), which are primarily derived from the gut
                      microbiome, may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
                      effects, and regulate energy homeostasis. It has been
                      suggested that weight loss may affect SCFA metabolism, but a
                      systematic review of intervention studies is lacking. We
                      aimed to systematically assess the effects of dietary,
                      physical activity-based, and surgical weight-loss
                      interventions among overweight [body mass index (BMI)
                      25-29.9 kg/m2)] or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) adults (≥18
                      y) on concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and
                      total SCFAs in blood, urine, or feces. We conducted a
                      systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and
                      the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
                      up to April 30, 2018 for randomized and nonrandomized
                      weight-loss trials among overweight or obese adults, in
                      which the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs were
                      assessed. A total of 9 studies consisting of 2 randomized
                      parallel-arm trials, 4 crossover trials, and 3 nonrandomized
                      clinical or surgical trials were included. In the majority
                      of studies, changes in fecal SCFA concentrations were
                      assessed, whereas changes in serum SCFAs were reported from
                      1 trial. Individual and total SCFA concentrations either
                      remained unchanged or decreased significantly following
                      weight loss. Three of the dietary interventions that
                      resulted in decreased SCFA concentrations were low $(≤5\%$
                      of energy) in total carbohydrates. Most of the studies had a
                      high risk of bias. Decreases in SCFA concentrations may
                      accompany weight loss induced by bariatric surgery or
                      dietary restriction among overweight or obese adults,
                      particularly when carbohydrate intake is reduced. However,
                      findings were inconsistent and based on studies with high to
                      unclear risk of bias, and small sample sizes. Because
                      measurements of fecal SCFAs may not be ideal due to limited
                      sample standardization, well-powered trials with repeated
                      blood measurements of SCFAs are required. This review was
                      registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018088716.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31075175},
      doi          = {10.1093/advances/nmy125},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/143619},
}