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@ARTICLE{Peters:143753,
      author       = {A. S. Peters and M. Wortmann and T. H. Fleming and P. P.
                      Nawroth$^*$ and T. Bruckner and D. Böckler and M. Hakimi},
      title        = {{E}ffect of metformin treatment in patients with type 2
                      diabetes with respect to glyoxalase 1 activity in
                      atherosclerotic lesions.},
      journal      = {Vasa},
      volume       = {48},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1664-2872},
      address      = {Göttingen [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Huber},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-01322},
      pages        = {186 - 192},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {The enzyme glyoxalase1 (GLO1) is the main opponent in the
                      degradation of the reactive metabolite methylglyoxal (MG),
                      which by glycation of macromolecules is involved in
                      atherogenesis. Reduced GLO1-activity in atherosclerotic
                      tissue is known to be associated with diabetes. It has been
                      shown that treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with
                      metformin leads to increased GLO1-activity in
                      peripheral-blood-cells. The aim of this study was to
                      evaluate whether metformin treatment increases GLO1-activity
                      in atherosclerotic lesions of patients with type 2
                      diabetes.Patients with type 2 diabetes and carotid artery
                      disease were included into the study prospectively. Type of
                      diabetes-medication was documented upon admission along with
                      demographic and clinical history. Using shock frozen
                      endarterectomy-derived carotid artery plaques, GLO1-activity
                      as well as protein expression was measured by a
                      spectophotometric assay and western-blotting respectively.33
                      patients (76 $\%$ male, mean age 71 years) were included
                      into the study and were divided according to treatment with
                      metformin or not (15 vs. 18 patients). GLO1-activity was
                      increased by the factor 1.36 when treated with metformin -
                      however, not significantly (0.86 vs. 0.63 U/mg, p = 0.056).
                      Normalisation of GLO1-activity onto GLO1-expression level
                      lead to a significant increase by more than twofold (8.48
                      vs. 3.85, p = 0.044) while GLO1-protein levels did not
                      differ significantly. GLO1-activity correlated positively
                      with increasing HbA1c, especially under metformin
                      treatment.Treatment with metformin in patients with type 2
                      diabetes is associated with enhanced GLO1-activity in
                      atherosclerotic lesions. Regarding the macro- and
                      microvascular complications in these patients further
                      studies are needed to gain more insight into the effect of
                      metformin on the GLO/MG system.},
      keywords     = {Metformin (NLM Chemicals) / Lactoylglutathione Lyase (NLM
                      Chemicals)},
      cin          = {A170},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)A170-20160331},
      pnm          = {323 - Metabolic Dysfunction as Risk Factor (POF3-323)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-323},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:30421661},
      doi          = {10.1024/0301-1526/a000762},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/143753},
}