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@ARTICLE{Ooi:144148,
      author       = {B. N. S. Ooi and H. Loh and P. J. Ho and R. L. Milne and G.
                      Giles and C. Gao and P. Kraft and E. M. John and A. Swerdlow
                      and H. Brenner$^*$ and A. H. Wu and C. Haiman and D. G.
                      Evans and W. Zheng and P. A. Fasching and J. E. Castelao and
                      A. Kwong and X. Shen and K. Czene and P. Hall and A. Dunning
                      and D. Easton and M. Hartman and J. Li},
      title        = {{T}he genetic interplay between body mass index, breast
                      size and breast cancer risk: a {M}endelian randomization
                      analysis.},
      journal      = {International journal of epidemiology},
      volume       = {48},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1464-3685},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-01697},
      pages        = {781-794},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Evidence linking breast size to breast cancer risk has been
                      inconsistent, and its interpretation is often hampered by
                      confounding factors such as body mass index (BMI). Here, we
                      used linkage disequilibrium score regression and two-sample
                      Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine the genetic
                      associations between BMI, breast size and breast cancer
                      risk.Summary-level genotype data from 23andMe, Inc (breast
                      size, n = 33 790), the Breast Cancer Association
                      Consortium (breast cancer risk, n = 228 951) and the
                      Genetic Investigation of ANthropometric Traits (BMI,
                      n = 183 507) were used for our analyses. In assessing
                      causal relationships, four complementary MR techniques
                      [inverse variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted
                      mode and MR-Egger regression] were used to test the
                      robustness of the results.The genetic correlation (rg)
                      estimated between BMI and breast size was high
                      (rg = 0.50, P = 3.89x10-43). All MR methods provided
                      consistent evidence that higher genetically predicted BMI
                      was associated with larger breast size [odds ratio (ORIVW):
                      2.06 (1.80-2.35), P = 1.38x10-26] and lower overall
                      breast cancer risk [ORIVW: 0.81 (0.74-0.89),
                      P = 9.44x10-6]. No evidence of a relationship between
                      genetically predicted breast size and breast cancer risk was
                      found except when using the weighted median and weighted
                      mode methods, and only with oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative
                      risk. There was no evidence of reverse causality in any of
                      the analyses conducted (P > 0.050).Our findings indicate
                      a potential positive causal association between BMI and
                      breast size and a potential negative causal association
                      between BMI and breast cancer risk. We found no clear
                      evidence for a direct relationship between breast size and
                      breast cancer risk.},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / L101},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)L101-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31243447},
      doi          = {10.1093/ije/dyz124},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/144148},
}