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@ARTICLE{Trofor:144778,
      author       = {A. C. Trofor and S. Papadakis and L. M. Lotrean and C.
                      Radu-Loghin and M. Eremia and F. Mihaltan and P. Driezen and
                      C. N. Kyriakos and U. Mons$^*$ and T. Demjén and S. O.
                      Nogueira and E. Fernández and Y. Tountas and K.
                      Przewoźniak and A. McNeill and G. T. Fong and C. I.
                      Vardavas},
      collaboration = {E.-P. consortium},
      title        = {{K}nowledge of the health risks of smoking and impact of
                      cigarette warning labels among tobacco users in six
                      {E}uropean countries: {F}indings from the {EUREST}-{PLUS}
                      {ITC} {E}urope {S}urveys.},
      journal      = {Tobacco induced diseases},
      volume       = {16},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1617-9625},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {Society},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-02210},
      pages        = {A10},
      year         = {2018},
      abstract     = {The aim of this study was to examine knowledge of health
                      effects of smoking and the impact of cigarette package
                      warnings among tobacco users from six European Union (EU)
                      Member States (MS) immediately prior to the introduction of
                      the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) in 2016 and to
                      explore the interrelationship between these two
                      factors.Cross-sectional data were collected via face-to-face
                      interviews with adult smokers (n=6011) from six EU MS
                      (Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Spain) between
                      June-September 2016. Sociodemographic variables and
                      knowledge of health risks of smoking (KHR) were assessed.
                      Warning salience, thoughts of harm, thoughts of quitting and
                      foregoing of cigarettes as a result of health warnings were
                      assessed. The Label Impact Index (LII) was used as a
                      composite measure of warning effects. Linear and logistic
                      regression analyses were used to examine sociodemographic
                      predictors of KHR and LII and the inter-relationship between
                      knowledge and LII scores.The KHR index was highest in
                      Romania and Greece and lowest in Hungary and Germany. While
                      the majority of smokers knew that smoking increases the risk
                      for heart diseases, lung and throat cancer, there was lower
                      awareness that tobacco use caused mouth cancer, pulmonary
                      diseases, stroke, and there were very low levels of
                      knowledge that it was also associated with impotence and
                      blindness, in all six countries. Knowledge regarding the
                      health risks of passive smoking was moderate in most
                      countries. The LII was highest in Romania and Poland,
                      followed by Spain and Greece, and lowest in Germany and
                      Hungary. In almost all countries, there was a positive
                      association between LII scores and higher KHR scores after
                      controlling for sociodemographic variables. Several
                      sociodemographic factors were associated with KHR and LII,
                      with differences in these associations documented across
                      countries.These data provide evidence to support the need
                      for stronger educational efforts and policies that can
                      enhance the effectiveness of health warnings in
                      communicating health risks and promoting quit attempts. Data
                      will serve as a baseline for examining the impact of the
                      TPD.},
      cin          = {M050},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)M050-20160331},
      pnm          = {319H - Addenda (POF3-319H)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-319H},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31516464},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6661855},
      doi          = {10.18332/tid/99542},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/144778},
}