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@ARTICLE{Gao:147188,
      author       = {X. Gao$^*$ and Y. Xuan$^*$ and A. Benner$^*$ and A.
                      Anusruti$^*$ and H. Brenner$^*$ and B. Schöttker$^*$},
      title        = {{N}itric {O}xide {M}etabolites and {L}ung {C}ancer
                      {I}ncidence: {A} {M}atched {C}ase-{C}ontrol {S}tudy {N}ested
                      in the {ESTHER} {C}ohort.},
      journal      = {Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity},
      volume       = {2019},
      issn         = {1942-0994},
      address      = {Austin, Tex.},
      publisher    = {Landes Bioscience},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-02324},
      pages        = {6470950},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Studies suggest that nitric oxide (NO) may have a possible
                      role in lung carcinogenesis. This study is aimed to evaluate
                      the association of the NO metabolites, namely, nitrite and
                      nitrate, with lung cancer incidence. We conducted a matched
                      case-control study (n = 245 incident lung cancer cases and n
                      = 735 controls) based on the German ESTHER cohort (n =
                      9,940). Controls were matched to cases on age, sex, smoking
                      status (never/former/current smoking), and pack-years of
                      smoking. The sum of nitrite and nitrate was measured in
                      urine samples using a colorimetric assay and was
                      standardized for renal function by urinary creatinine.
                      Conditional logistic regression models, adjusted for
                      lifestyle factors, asthma prevalence, and family history of
                      lung cancer, were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and
                      $95\%$ confidence intervals $(95\%$ CI). Among incident lung
                      cancer cases, high nitrite/nitrate levels were statistically
                      significantly associated with current smoking, a low BMI,
                      and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-isoprostane levels.
                      Nitrite/nitrate levels in the top quintile were
                      statistically significantly associated with lung cancer
                      incidence: the OR $(95\%$ CI) was 1.37 (1.04-1.82) for
                      comparison with the bottom quintile. This association was
                      unaltered after additional adjustment for 8-isoprostane
                      levels and C-reactive protein (CRP). In conclusion, this
                      large cohort study suggested that subjects with high urinary
                      nitrite/nitrate concentrations had an increased risk of lung
                      cancer and this association was independent of smoking, CRP,
                      8-isoprostane levels, and other established lung cancer risk
                      factors. Further studies are needed to validate these
                      findings and to confirm the hypothesis that pathologically
                      high levels of NO are involved in lung cancer development.},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / C060 / L101},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C060-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)L101-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31565153},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC6745103},
      doi          = {10.1155/2019/6470950},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/147188},
}