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@ARTICLE{Wolf:147403,
      author       = {K. Wolf and B. W. C. Bongaerts and A. Schneider and C. Huth
                      and C. Meisinger and A. Peters and A. Schneider and J.
                      Wittsiepe and K.-W. Schramm and K. H. Greiser$^*$ and S.
                      Hartwig and A. Kluttig and W. Rathmann},
      title        = {{P}ersistent organic pollutants and the incidence of type 2
                      diabetes in the {CARLA} and {KORA} cohort studies.},
      journal      = {Environment international},
      volume       = {129},
      issn         = {0160-4120},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-02520},
      pages        = {221 - 228},
      year         = {2019},
      abstract     = {Associations between several persistent organic pollutants
                      (POPs) and type 2 diabetes have been found in humans, but
                      the relationship has rarely been investigated in the general
                      population. The current nested case-control study examined
                      internal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and
                      pesticides and the incidence of type 2 diabetes among
                      participants of two population-based German cohort
                      studies.We retrospectively selected 132 incident cases of
                      type 2 diabetes and 264 age- and sex-matched controls from
                      the CARdiovascular Living and Aging in Halle (CARLA) study
                      (2002-2006, East Germany) and the Cooperative Health
                      Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) study (1999-2001,
                      South Germany) based on diabetes status at follow-up
                      examinations in 2007-2010 and 2006-08, respectively $(60\%$
                      male, mean age 63 and 54 years). We assessed the
                      association between baseline POP concentrations and incident
                      diabetes by conditional logistic regression adjusted for
                      cohort, BMI, cholesterol, alcohol, smoking, physical
                      activity, and parental diabetes. Additionally, we examined
                      effect modification by sex, obesity, parental diabetes and
                      cohort.In both cohorts, diabetes cases showed a higher BMI,
                      a higher frequency of parental diabetes, and higher levels
                      of POPs. We observed an increased chance for incident
                      diabetes for PCB-138 and PCB-153 with an odds ratio (OR) of
                      1.50 $(95\%CI:$ 1.07-2.11) and 1.53 (1.15-2.04) per
                      interquartile range increase in the respective POP. In
                      addition, explorative results suggested higher OR for women
                      and non-obese participants.Our results add to the evidence
                      on diabetogenic effects of POPs in the general population,
                      and warrant both policies to prevent human exposure to POPs
                      and additional research on the adverse effects of more
                      complex chemical mixtures.},
      keywords     = {Environmental Pollutants (NLM Chemicals) / Polychlorinated
                      Biphenyls (NLM Chemicals)},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31132656},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.030},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/147403},
}