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@ARTICLE{Rolandsson:147615,
      author       = {O. Rolandsson and C. S. Hampe and S. J. Sharp and E.
                      Ardanaz and H. Boeing and G. Fagherazzi and F. R. Mancini
                      and P. M. Nilsson and K. Overvad and M.-D. Chirlaque and M.
                      Dorronsoro and M. J. Gunter and R. Kaaks$^*$ and T. J. Key
                      and K.-T. Khaw and V. Krogh and T. Kühn$^*$ and D. Palli
                      and S. Panico and C. Sacerdote and M.-J. Sánchez and G.
                      Severi and A. M. W. Spijkerman and R. Tumino and Y. T. van
                      der Schouw and E. Riboli and N. G. Forouhi and C. Langenberg
                      and N. J. Wareham},
      title        = {{A}utoimmunity plays a role in the onset of diabetes after
                      40 years of age.},
      journal      = {Diabetologia},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {1432-0428},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2019-02606},
      pages        = {266-277},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {2020 Feb;63(2):266-277},
      abstract     = {Type 1 and type 2 diabetes differ with respect to
                      pathophysiological factors such as beta cell function,
                      insulin resistance and phenotypic appearance, but there may
                      be overlap between the two forms of diabetes. However, there
                      are relatively few prospective studies that have
                      characterised the relationship between autoimmunity and
                      incident diabetes. We investigated associations of
                      antibodies against the 65 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) with
                      type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes genetic risk scores and
                      incident diabetes in adults in European Prospective
                      Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct, a
                      case-cohort study nested in the EPIC cohort.GAD65 antibodies
                      were analysed in EPIC participants (over 40 years of age and
                      free of known diabetes at baseline) by radioligand binding
                      assay in a random subcohort (n = 15,802) and in incident
                      diabetes cases (n = 11,981). Type 1 diabetes and type 2
                      diabetes genetic risk scores were calculated. Associations
                      between GAD65 antibodies and incident diabetes were
                      estimated using Prentice-weighted Cox regression.GAD65
                      antibody positivity at baseline was associated with
                      development of diabetes during a median follow-up time of
                      10.9 years (HR for GAD65 antibody positive vs negative 1.78;
                      $95\%$ CI 1.43, 2.20) after adjustment for sex, centre,
                      physical activity, smoking status and education. The genetic
                      risk score for type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes was
                      associated with GAD65 antibody positivity in both the
                      subcohort (OR per SD genetic risk 1.24; $95\%$ CI 1.03,
                      1.50) and incident cases (OR 1.97; $95\%$ CI 1.72, 2.26)
                      after adjusting for age and sex. The risk of incident
                      diabetes in those in the top tertile of the type 1 diabetes
                      genetic risk score who were also GAD65 antibody positive was
                      3.23 $(95\%$ CI 2.10, 4.97) compared with all other
                      individuals, suggesting that $1.8\%$ of incident diabetes in
                      adults was attributable to this combination of risk
                      factors.Our study indicates that incident diabetes in adults
                      has an element of autoimmune aetiology. Thus, there might be
                      a reason to re-evaluate the present subclassification of
                      diabetes in adulthood.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31713011},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00125-019-05016-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/147615},
}