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@ARTICLE{Volz:153208,
      author       = {L. Volz$^*$ and L. Kelleter and S. Brons and L. N.
                      Burigo$^*$ and C. Graeff and N. I. Niebuhr$^*$ and R.
                      Radogna and S. Scheloske and C. Schömers and S. Jolly and
                      J. Seco$^*$},
      title        = {{E}xperimental exploration of a mixed helium/carbon beam
                      for online treatment monitoring in carbon ion beam therapy.},
      journal      = {Physics in medicine and biology},
      volume       = {65},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {1361-6560},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-00248},
      pages        = {055002},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {2020 Feb 28;65(5):055002#EA:E041#LA:E041#PhysicsWorld: TOP
                      10 Breakthrough of the year
                      2020:https://physicsworld.com/a/physics-world-announces-its-breakthrough-of-the-year-finalists-for-2020/Here
                      is the link the Physics World review of the paper ranked Top
                      in Medical
                      Physics.https://physicsworld.com/a/mixed-ion-beams-could-enhance-particle-therapy-accuracy/Here
                      is the link to the PMB
                      paperhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6560/ab6e52},
      abstract     = {Recently, it has been proposed that a mixed helium/carbon
                      beam could be used for online monitoring in carbon ion beam
                      therapy. Fully stripped, the two ion species exhibit
                      approximately the same mass/charge ratio and hence could
                      potentially be accelerated simultaneously in a synchrotron
                      to the same energy per nucleon. At the same energy per
                      nucleon, helium ions have about three times the range of
                      carbon ions, which could allow for simultaneous use of the
                      carbon ion beam for treatment and the helium ion beam for
                      imaging. In this work, measurements and simulations of PMMA
                      phantoms as well as anthropomorphic phantoms irradiated
                      sequentially with a helium ion and a carbon ion beam at
                      equal energy per nucleon are presented. The range of the
                      primary helium ion beam and the fragment tail of the carbon
                      ion beam exiting the phantoms were detected using a novel
                      range telescope made of thin plastic scintillator sheets
                      read out by a flat-panel CMOS sensor. A 10:1 carbon to
                      helium mixing ratio is used, generating a helium signal well
                      above the carbon fragment background while adding little to
                      the dose delivered to the patient. The range modulation of a
                      narrow air gap of 1 mm thickness in the PMMA phantom that
                      affects less than a quarter of the particles in a pencil
                      beam were detected, demonstrating the achievable relative
                      sensitivity of the presented method. Using two
                      anthropomorphic pelvis phantoms it is shown that small
                      rotations of the phantom as well as simulated bowel gas
                      movements cause detectable changes in the helium/carbon beam
                      exiting the phantom. The future prospects and limitations of
                      the helium-carbon mixing as well as its technical
                      feasibility are discussed.},
      cin          = {E041 / E040},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:31962302},
      doi          = {10.1088/1361-6560/ab6e52},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/153208},
}