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@ARTICLE{Kluttig:153757,
      author       = {A. Kluttig and J. Zschocke and J. Haerting and A.
                      Schmermund and S. Gastell and K. Steindorf$^*$ and F.
                      Herbolsheimer and A. Hillreiner and C. Jochem and S.
                      Baumeister and O. Sprengeler and T. Pischon and L. Jaeschke
                      and K. B. Michels and L. Krist and H. Greiser$^*$ and G.
                      Schmidt and W. Lieb and S. Waniek and H. Becher and A.
                      Jagodzinski and S. Schipf and H. Völzke and W. Ahrens and
                      K. Günther and S. Castell and Y. Kemmling and N. Legath and
                      K. Berger and T. Keil and J. Fricke and M. B. Schulze and M.
                      Loeffler and K. Wirkner and O. Kuß and T. Schikowski and S.
                      Kalinowski and A. Stang and R. Kaaks$^*$ and A. Damms
                      Machado$^*$ and M. Hoffmeister$^*$ and B. Weber and C.-W.
                      Franzke and S. Thierry and A. Peters and N. Kartschmit and
                      R. Mikolajczyk and B. Fischer and M. Leitzmann and M.
                      Brandes},
      title        = {[{M}easuring physical fitness in the {G}erman {N}ational
                      {C}ohort-methods, quality assurance, and first descriptive
                      results].},
      journal      = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung,
                      Gesundheitsschutz},
      volume       = {63},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1437-1588},
      address      = {Heidelberg},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-00442},
      pages        = {312-321},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {2020 Mar;63(3):312-321},
      abstract     = {Physical fitness is defined as an individual's ability to
                      be physically active. The main components are
                      cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength, and
                      flexibility. Regardless of physical activity level, physical
                      fitness is an important determinant of morbidity and
                      mortality.The aim of the current study was to describe the
                      physical fitness assessment methodology in the German
                      National Cohort (NAKO) and to present initial descriptive
                      results in a subsample of the cohort.In the NAKO, hand grip
                      strength (GS) and CRF as physical fitness components were
                      assessed at baseline using a hand dynamometer and
                      a submaximal bicycle ergometer test, respectively. Maximum
                      oxygen uptake (VO2max) was estimated as a result of the
                      bicycle ergometer test. The results of a total of 99,068 GS
                      measurements and 3094 CRF measurements are based on a data
                      set at halftime of the NAKO baseline survey (age
                      20-73 years, $47\%$ men).Males showed higher values of
                      physical fitness compared to women (males:
                      GS = 47.8 kg,
                      VO2max = 36.4 ml·min-1 · kg-1; females:
                      GS = 29.9 kg,
                      VO2max = 32.3 ml · min-1 · kg-1). GS
                      declined from the age of 50 onwards, whereas VO2max levels
                      decreased continuously between the age groups of 20-29 and
                      ≥60 years. GS and VO2max showed a linear positive
                      association after adjustment for body weight (males
                      β = 0.21; females β = 0.35).These results indicate
                      that the physical fitness measured in the NAKO are
                      comparable to other population-based studies. Future
                      analyses in this study will focus on examining the
                      independent relations of GS and CRF with risk of morbidity
                      and mortality.},
      cin          = {C110 / C020 / C070},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C110-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32072217},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00103-020-03100-3},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/153757},
}