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@ARTICLE{Gravely:154165,
      author       = {S. Gravely and P. Driezen and C. N. Kyriakos and M. E.
                      Thompson and J. Balmford and T. Demjén and E. Fernández
                      and U. Mons$^*$ and Y. Tountas and K. Janik-Koncewicz and W.
                      Zatoński and A. C. Trofor and C. I. Vardavas and G. T. Fong
                      and C. I. Vardavas and A. Glahn and C. N. Kyriakos and D.
                      Nguyen and K. Nikitara and C. Radu-Loghin and P. Starchenko
                      and A. Tsatsakis and C. Girvalaki and C. Igoumenaki and S.
                      Papadakis and A. Papathanasaki and M. Tzatzarakis and A. I.
                      Vardavas and N. Bécuwe and L. Deaconu and S. Goudet and C.
                      Hanley and O. Rivière and T. Demjén and J. Kiss and A. P.
                      Kovacs and E. Fernández and Y. Castellano and M. Fu and S.
                      O. Nogueira and O. Tigova and A. McNeill and K. East and S.
                      C. Hitchman and U. Mons$^*$ and S. Kahnert and Y. Tountas
                      and P. Behrakis and F. T. Filippidis and C. Gratziou and P.
                      Katsaounou and T. Peleki and I. Petroulia and C. Tzavara and
                      A. C. Trofor and M. Eremia and L. Lotrean and F. Mihaltan
                      and G. Rohde and T. Asano and C. Cichon and A. Far and C.
                      Genton and M. Jessner and L. Hedman and C. Janson and A.
                      Lindberg and B. Maguire and S. Ravara and V. Vaccaro and B.
                      Ward and M. Willemsen and H. de Vries and K. Hummel and G.
                      E. Nagelhout and W. A. Zatoński and A. Herbeć and K.
                      Janik-Koncewicz and K. Przewoźniak and M. Zatoński and G.
                      T. Fong and T. K. Agar and P. Driezen and S. Gravely and A.
                      C. K. Quah and M. E. Thompson},
      collaboration = {E.-P. Consortium},
      title        = {{E}uropean adult smokers' perceptions of the harmfulness of
                      e-cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes: cohort
                      findings from the 2016 and 2018 {EUREST}-{PLUS} {ITC}
                      {E}urope {S}urveys.},
      journal      = {European journal of public health},
      volume       = {30},
      number       = {$Supplement_3$},
      issn         = {1464-360X},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Oxford Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-00624},
      pages        = {iii38-iii45},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {2020 Jul $1;30(Supplement_3):iii38-iii45$},
      abstract     = {This study presents perceptions of the harmfulness of
                      electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) relative to combustible
                      cigarettes among smokers from six European Union (EU)
                      countries, prior to the implementation of the EU Tobacco
                      Products Directive (TPD), and 2 years post-TPD.Data were
                      drawn from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys, a cohort
                      study of adult smokers (≥18 years) from Germany, Greece,
                      Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain. Data were collected in
                      2016 (pre-TPD: N = 6011) and 2018 (post-TPD:
                      N = 6027). Weighted generalized estimating equations
                      were used to estimate perceptions of the harmfulness of
                      e-cigarettes compared to combustible cigarettes (less
                      harmful, equally harmful, more harmful or 'don't know').In
                      2016, among respondents who were aware of e-cigarettes
                      $(72.2\%),$ $28.6\%$ reported that they perceived
                      e-cigarettes to be less harmful than cigarettes (range
                      $22.0\%$ in Spain to $34.1\%$ in Hungary). In 2018, $72.2\%$
                      of respondents were aware of e-cigarettes, of whom $28.4\%$
                      reported perceiving that e-cigarettes are less harmful. The
                      majority of respondents perceived e-cigarettes to be equally
                      or more harmful than cigarettes in both 2016 $(58.5\%)$ and
                      2018 $(61.8\%,$ P > 0.05). Overall, there were no
                      significant changes in the perceptions that e-cigarettes are
                      less, equally or more harmful than cigarettes, but 'don't
                      know' responses significantly decreased from $12.9\%$ to
                      $9.8\%$ (P = 0.036). The only significant change within
                      countries was a decrease in 'don't know' responses in Spain
                      $(19.3-9.4\%,$ P = .001).The majority of respondents in
                      these six EU countries perceived e-cigarettes to be equally
                      or more harmful than combustible cigarettes.},
      cin          = {M050},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)M050-20160331},
      pnm          = {319H - Addenda (POF3-319H)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-319H},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32191332},
      doi          = {10.1093/eurpub/ckz215},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/154165},
}