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000154614 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)71030cceec72df4f96fb0ec3eef072f3$$aMagalhaes Martins, Paulo Jorge$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz
000154614 245__ $$aPIBS: Proton and ion beam spectroscopy for in vivo measurements of oxygen, carbon, and calcium concentrations in the human body.
000154614 260__ $$a[London]$$bMacmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature$$c2020
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000154614 520__ $$aProton and ion beam therapy has proven to benefit tumour control with lower side-effects, mostly in paediatrics. Here we demonstrate a feasible technique for proton and ion beam spectroscopy (PIBS) capable of determining the elemental compositions of the irradiated tissues during particle therapy. This follows the developments in prompt gamma imaging for online range verification and the inheritance from prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Samples of water solutions were prepared to emulate varying oxygen and carbon concentrations. The irradiation of those samples and other tissue surrogate inserts by protons and ion beams under clinical conditions clearly showed a logarithmic relationship between the target elemental composition and the prompt gamma production. This finding is in line with the known logarithmic dependence of the pH with the proton molar concentration. Elemental concentration changes of 1% for calcium and 2% for oxygen in adipose, brain, breast, liver, muscle and bone-related tissue surrogates were clearly identified. Real-time in vivo measurements of oxygen, carbon and calcium concentrations will be evaluated in a pre-clinical and clinical environment. This technique should have an important impact in the assessment of tumour hypoxia over the course of several treatment fractions and the tracking of calcifications in brain metastases.
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000154614 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)ca98a31afd9fff038336ecfcf56f268c$$aDal Bello, Riccardo$$b1$$udkfz
000154614 7001_ $$aAckermann, Benjamin$$b2
000154614 7001_ $$aBrons, Stephan$$b3
000154614 7001_ $$aHermann, German$$b4
000154614 7001_ $$aKihm, Thomas$$b5
000154614 7001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)102624aca75cfe987c05343d5fdcf2fe$$aSeco, Joao$$b6$$eLast author$$udkfz
000154614 773__ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2615211-3$$a10.1038/s41598-020-63215-0$$gVol. 10, no. 1, p. 7007$$n1$$p7007$$tScientific reports$$v10$$x2045-2322$$y2020
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