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@ARTICLE{MagalhaesMartins:154614,
      author       = {P. J. Magalhaes Martins$^*$ and R. Dal Bello$^*$ and B.
                      Ackermann and S. Brons and G. Hermann and T. Kihm and J.
                      Seco$^*$},
      title        = {{PIBS}: {P}roton and ion beam spectroscopy for in vivo
                      measurements of oxygen, carbon, and calcium concentrations
                      in the human body.},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {10},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {[London]},
      publisher    = {Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-00887},
      pages        = {7007},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {#EA:E041#LA:E041#},
      abstract     = {Proton and ion beam therapy has proven to benefit tumour
                      control with lower side-effects, mostly in paediatrics. Here
                      we demonstrate a feasible technique for proton and ion beam
                      spectroscopy (PIBS) capable of determining the elemental
                      compositions of the irradiated tissues during particle
                      therapy. This follows the developments in prompt gamma
                      imaging for online range verification and the inheritance
                      from prompt gamma neutron activation analysis. Samples of
                      water solutions were prepared to emulate varying oxygen and
                      carbon concentrations. The irradiation of those samples and
                      other tissue surrogate inserts by protons and ion beams
                      under clinical conditions clearly showed a logarithmic
                      relationship between the target elemental composition and
                      the prompt gamma production. This finding is in line with
                      the known logarithmic dependence of the pH with the proton
                      molar concentration. Elemental concentration changes of
                      $1\%$ for calcium and $2\%$ for oxygen in adipose, brain,
                      breast, liver, muscle and bone-related tissue surrogates
                      were clearly identified. Real-time in vivo measurements of
                      oxygen, carbon and calcium concentrations will be evaluated
                      in a pre-clinical and clinical environment. This technique
                      should have an important impact in the assessment of tumour
                      hypoxia over the course of several treatment fractions and
                      the tracking of calcifications in brain metastases.},
      cin          = {E041},
      ddc          = {600},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E041-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Imaging and radiooncology (POF3-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32332815},
      doi          = {10.1038/s41598-020-63215-0},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/154614},
}