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@ARTICLE{Schwingshackl:154702,
      author       = {L. Schwingshackl and J. Zähringer and K. Nitschke and G.
                      Torbahn and S. Lohner and T. Kühn$^*$ and L. Fontana and N.
                      Veronese and C. Schmucker and J. J. Meerpohl},
      title        = {{I}mpact of intermittent energy restriction on
                      anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers in
                      patients with overweight and obesity: systematic review and
                      meta-analyses.},
      journal      = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
      volume       = {61},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1549-7852},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Taylor and Francis},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-00960},
      pages        = {1293-1304},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {2021;61(8):1293-1304},
      abstract     = {This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of
                      intermittent energy restriction (IER) on anthropometric
                      outcomes and intermediate disease markers. A systematic
                      literature search was conducted in three electronic
                      databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included
                      if the intervention lasted ≥12 weeks and IER was
                      compared with either continuous energy restriction (CER) or
                      a usual diet. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for
                      eight outcomes. Certainty of evidence was assessed using
                      GRADE. Seventeen RCTs with 1328 participants were included.
                      IER in comparison to a usual diet may reduce body weight
                      (mean difference [MD]: -4.83 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -5.46, -4.21;
                      n = 6 RCTs), waist circumference (MD: -1.73 cm,
                      $95\%-CI:$ -3.69, 0.24; n = 2), fat mass (MD:
                      -2.54 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -3.78, -1.31; n = 6),
                      triacylglycerols (MD: -0.20 mmol/L, $95\%-CI:$ -0.38,
                      -0.03; n = 5) and systolic blood pressure (MD:
                      -6.11 mmHg, $95\%-CI:$ -9.59, -2.64; n = 5). No
                      effects were observed for LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose,
                      and glycosylated-hemoglobin. Both, IER and CER have similar
                      effect on body weight (MD: -0.55 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -1.01,
                      -0.09; n = 13), and fat mass (MD: -0.66 kg, $95\%-CI:$
                      -1.14, -0.19; n = 10), and all other outcomes. In
                      conclusion, IER improves anthropometric outcomes and
                      intermediate disease markers when compared to a usual diet.
                      The effects of IER on weight loss are similar to weight loss
                      achieved by CER.},
      subtyp        = {Review Article},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {640},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32363896},
      doi          = {10.1080/10408398.2020.1757616},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/154702},
}