% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded. This means that in the presence % of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older. % Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or % “biber”. @ARTICLE{Schwingshackl:154702, author = {L. Schwingshackl and J. Zähringer and K. Nitschke and G. Torbahn and S. Lohner and T. Kühn$^*$ and L. Fontana and N. Veronese and C. Schmucker and J. J. Meerpohl}, title = {{I}mpact of intermittent energy restriction on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers in patients with overweight and obesity: systematic review and meta-analyses.}, journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition}, volume = {61}, number = {8}, issn = {1549-7852}, address = {London}, publisher = {Taylor and Francis}, reportid = {DKFZ-2020-00960}, pages = {1293-1304}, year = {2021}, note = {2021;61(8):1293-1304}, abstract = {This systematic review aims to investigate the effects of intermittent energy restriction (IER) on anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers. A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if the intervention lasted ≥12 weeks and IER was compared with either continuous energy restriction (CER) or a usual diet. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for eight outcomes. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Seventeen RCTs with 1328 participants were included. IER in comparison to a usual diet may reduce body weight (mean difference [MD]: -4.83 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -5.46, -4.21; n = 6 RCTs), waist circumference (MD: -1.73 cm, $95\%-CI:$ -3.69, 0.24; n = 2), fat mass (MD: -2.54 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -3.78, -1.31; n = 6), triacylglycerols (MD: -0.20 mmol/L, $95\%-CI:$ -0.38, -0.03; n = 5) and systolic blood pressure (MD: -6.11 mmHg, $95\%-CI:$ -9.59, -2.64; n = 5). No effects were observed for LDL-cholesterol, fasting glucose, and glycosylated-hemoglobin. Both, IER and CER have similar effect on body weight (MD: -0.55 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -1.01, -0.09; n = 13), and fat mass (MD: -0.66 kg, $95\%-CI:$ -1.14, -0.19; n = 10), and all other outcomes. In conclusion, IER improves anthropometric outcomes and intermediate disease markers when compared to a usual diet. The effects of IER on weight loss are similar to weight loss achieved by CER.}, subtyp = {Review Article}, cin = {C020}, ddc = {640}, cid = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331}, pnm = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)}, pid = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313}, typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16}, pubmed = {pmid:32363896}, doi = {10.1080/10408398.2020.1757616}, url = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/154702}, }