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@ARTICLE{Sieri:156857,
      author       = {S. Sieri and C. Agnoli and S. Grioni and E. Weiderpass and
                      A. Mattiello and I. Sluijs and M. J. Sanchez and M. U.
                      Jakobsen and M. Sweeting and Y. T. van der Schouw and L. M.
                      Nilsson and P. Wennberg and V. A. Katzke$^*$ and T.
                      Kühn$^*$ and K. Overvad and T. Y. N. Tong and M.-I. Conchi
                      and J. R. Quirós and J. M. García-Torrecillas and O.
                      Mokoroa and J.-H. Gómez and A. Tjønneland and E. Sonestedt
                      and A. Trichopoulou and A. Karakatsani and E. Valanou and J.
                      M. A. Boer and W. M. M. Verschuren and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault
                      and G. Fagherazzi and A.-L. Madika and M. M. Bergmann and M.
                      B. Schulze and P. Ferrari and H. Freisling and H. Lennon and
                      C. Sacerdote and G. Masala and R. Tumino and E. Riboli and
                      N. J. Wareham and J. Danesh and N. G. Forouhi and A. S.
                      Butterworth and V. Krogh},
      title        = {{G}lycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart
                      disease: a pan-{E}uropean cohort study.},
      journal      = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
      volume       = {112},
      number       = {3},
      issn         = {1938-3207},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Oxford University Press},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-01174},
      pages        = {631-643},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {2020 Sep 1;112(3):631-643},
      abstract     = {High carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides,
                      glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of
                      coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies
                      indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic
                      load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk.The aim of
                      this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and
                      available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both
                      sexes.This large prospective study-the European Prospective
                      Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-consisted of 338,325
                      participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with
                      $95\%$ CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL,
                      and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted
                      Cox proportional hazard models.After 12.8 y (median), 6378
                      participants had experienced a CHD event. High GL was
                      associated with greater CHD risk [HR 1.16 $(95\%$ CI: 1.02,
                      1.31) highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend 0.035; HR 1.18
                      $(95\%$ CI: 1.07, 1.29) per 50 g/day of GL intake]. The
                      association between GL and CHD risk was evident in subjects
                      with BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 [HR: 1.22 $(95\%$ CI: 1.11, 1.35)
                      per 50 g/d] but not in those with BMI <25 [HR: 1.09 $(95\%$
                      CI: 0.98, 1.22) per 50 g/d) (P-interaction = 0.022). The
                      GL-CHD association did not differ between men [HR: 1.19
                      $(95\%$ CI: 1.08, 1.30) per 50 g/d] and women [HR: 1.22
                      $(95\%$ CI: 1.07, 1.40) per 50 g/d] (test for interaction
                      not significant). GI was associated with CHD risk only in
                      the continuous model [HR: 1.04 $(95\%$ CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 5
                      units/d]. High available carbohydrate was associated with
                      greater CHD risk [HR: 1.11 $(95\%$ CI: 1.03, 1.18) per 50
                      g/d]. High sugar intake was associated with greater CHD risk
                      [HR: 1.09 $(95\%$ CI: 1.02, 1.17) per 50 g/d].This large
                      pan-European study provides robust additional support for
                      the hypothesis that a diet that induces a high glucose
                      response is associated with greater CHD risk.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32619242},
      doi          = {10.1093/ajcn/nqaa157},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/156857},
}