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@ARTICLE{LujanBarroso:156966,
      author       = {L. Lujan-Barroso and E. Botteri and S. Caini and B.
                      Ljungberg and N. Roswall and A. Tjønneland and B.
                      Bueno-de-Mesquita and I. T. Gram and R. Tumino and L. A.
                      Kiemeney and F. Liedberg and T. Stocks and M. J. Gunter and
                      N. Murphy and I. Cervenka and A. Fournier and M. Kvaskoff
                      and C. Häggström and K. Overvad and E. Lund and M. Waaseth
                      and R. Turzanski-Fortner$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$ and V.
                      Menéndez and M.-J. Sánchez and C. Santiuste and A.
                      Perez-Cornago and R. Zamora-Ros and A. J. Cross and A.
                      Trichopoulou and A. Karakatsani and E. Peppa and D. Palli
                      and V. Krogh and V. Sciannameo and A. Mattiello and S.
                      Panico and C. H. van Gils and N. C. Onland-Moret and A.
                      Barricarte and P. Amiano and K.-T. Khaw and H. Boeing and E.
                      Weiderpass and E. J. Duell},
      title        = {{M}enstrual {F}actors, {R}eproductive {H}istory, {H}ormone
                      {U}se, and {U}rothelial {C}arcinoma {R}isk: {A}
                      {P}rospective {S}tudy in the {EPIC} {C}ohort.},
      journal      = {Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers $\&$ prevention},
      volume       = {29},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {1538-7755},
      address      = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
      publisher    = {AACR},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-01271},
      pages        = {1654-1664},
      year         = {2020},
      note         = {Volume 29, Issue 8, 1 August 2020, Pages 1654-1664},
      abstract     = {Urothelial carcinoma is the predominant $(95\%)$ bladder
                      cancer subtype in industrialized nations. Animal and
                      epidemiologic human studies suggest that hormonal factors
                      may influence urothelial carcinoma risk.We used an analytic
                      cohort of 333,919 women from the European Prospective
                      Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Cohort. Associations
                      between hormonal factors and incident urothelial carcinoma
                      (overall and by tumor grade, tumor aggressiveness, and
                      non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma) risk were
                      evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.During a
                      mean of 15 years of follow-up, 529 women developed
                      urothelial carcinoma. In a model including number of
                      full-term pregnancies (FTP), menopausal status, and
                      menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), number of FTP was
                      inversely associated with urothelial carcinoma risk
                      (HR≥5vs1 = 0.48; 0.25-0.90; Ptrend in parous women =
                      0.010) and MHT use (compared with nonuse) was positively
                      associated with urothelial carcinoma risk (HR = 1.27;
                      1.03-1.57), but no dose response by years of MHT use was
                      observed. No modification of HRs by smoking status was
                      observed. Finally, sensitivity analyses in never smokers
                      showed similar HR patterns for the number of FTP, while no
                      association between MHT use and urothelial carcinoma risk
                      was observed. Association between MHT use and urothelial
                      carcinoma risk remained significant only in current smokers.
                      No heterogeneity of the risk estimations in the final model
                      was observed by tumor aggressiveness or by tumor grade. A
                      positive association between MTH use and non-muscle-invasive
                      urothelial carcinoma risk was observed.Our results support
                      that increasing the number of FTP may reduce urothelial
                      carcinoma risk.More detailed studies on parity are needed to
                      understand the possible effects of perinatal hormone changes
                      in urothelial cells.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32467345},
      doi          = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0184},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/156966},
}