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@ARTICLE{Zheng:157046,
      author       = {J.-S. Zheng and S. J. Sharp and F. Imamura and R. Chowdhury
                      and T. E. Gundersen and M. Steur and I. Sluijs and Y. T. van
                      der Schouw and A. Agudo and D. Aune and A. Barricarte and H.
                      Boeing and M.-D. Chirlaque and M. Dorronsoro and H.
                      Freisling and D. El-Fatouhi and P. W. Franks and G.
                      Fagherazzi and S. Grioni and M. J. Gunter and C. Kyrø and
                      V. Katzke$^*$ and T. Kühn$^*$ and K.-T. Khaw and N. Laouali
                      and G. Masala and P. M. Nilsson and K. Overvad and S. Panico
                      and K. Papier and J. R. Quirós and O. Rolandsson and D.
                      Redondo-Sánchez and F. Ricceri and M. B. Schulze and A. M.
                      W. Spijkerman and A. Tjønneland and T. Y. N. Tong and R.
                      Tumino and E. Weiderpass and J. Danesh and A. S. Butterworth
                      and E. Riboli and N. G. Forouhi and N. J. Wareham},
      title        = {{A}ssociation of plasma biomarkers of fruit and vegetable
                      intake with incident type 2 diabetes: {EPIC}-{I}nter{A}ct
                      case-cohort study in eight {E}uropean countries.},
      journal      = {The BMJ},
      volume       = {370},
      issn         = {1756-1833},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {British Medical Association56099},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-01337},
      pages        = {m2194},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {To investigate the association of plasma vitamin C and
                      carotenoids, as indicators of fruit and vegetable intake,
                      with the risk of type 2 diabetes.Prospective case-cohort
                      study.Populations from eight European countries.9754
                      participants with incident type 2 diabetes, and a subcohort
                      of 13 662 individuals from the European Prospective
                      Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort of 340
                      234 participants: EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.Incident
                      type 2 diabetes.In a multivariable adjusted model, higher
                      plasma vitamin C was associated with a lower risk of
                      developing type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio per standard
                      deviation 0.82, $95\%$ confidence interval 0.76 to 0.89). A
                      similar inverse association was shown for total carotenoids
                      (hazard ratio per standard deviation 0.75, 0.68 to 0.82). A
                      composite biomarker score (split into five equal groups),
                      comprising vitamin C and individual carotenoids, was
                      inversely associated with type 2 diabetes with hazard ratios
                      0.77, 0.66, 0.59, and 0.50 for groups 2-5 compared with
                      group 1 (the lowest group). Self-reported median fruit and
                      vegetable intake was 274 g/day, 396 g/day, and 508 g/day for
                      participants in categories defined by groups 1, 3, and 5 of
                      the composite biomarker score, respectively. One standard
                      deviation difference in the composite biomarker score,
                      equivalent to a 66 $(95\%$ confidence interval 61 to 71)
                      g/day difference in total fruit and vegetable intake, was
                      associated with a hazard ratio of 0.75 (0.67 to 0.83). This
                      would be equivalent to an absolute risk reduction of 0.95
                      per 1000 person years of follow up if achieved across an
                      entire population with the characteristics of the eight
                      European countries included in this analysis.These findings
                      indicate an inverse association between plasma vitamin C,
                      carotenoids, and their composite biomarker score, and
                      incident type 2 diabetes in different European countries.
                      These biomarkers are objective indicators of fruit and
                      vegetable consumption, and suggest that diets rich in even
                      modestly higher fruit and vegetable consumption could help
                      to prevent development of type 2 diabetes.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {323 - Metabolic Dysfunction as Risk Factor (POF3-323)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-323},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32641421},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC7341350},
      doi          = {10.1136/bmj.m2194},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/157046},
}