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@ARTICLE{Arnold:163837,
      author       = {N. Arnold and M. Rehm and G. Büchele and R. S. Peter and
                      R. E. Brenner and K.-P. Günther and H. Brenner$^*$ and W.
                      Koenig and D. Rothenbacher},
      title        = {{G}rowth {D}ifferentiation {F}actor-15 as a {P}otent
                      {P}redictor of {L}ong-{T}erm {M}ortality among {S}ubjects
                      with {O}steoarthritis.},
      journal      = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
      volume       = {9},
      number       = {10},
      issn         = {2077-0383},
      address      = {Basel},
      publisher    = {MDPI},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-02077},
      pages        = {3107},
      year         = {2020},
      abstract     = {Subjects with osteoarthritis (OA) are at increased risk for
                      cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality. Whether
                      biomarkers improve outcome prediction in these patients
                      remains to be elucidated. We investigated the association
                      between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), a novel
                      stress-responsive cytokine, and long-term all-cause
                      mortality among OA patients.Within the Ulm Osteoarthritis
                      Study, GDF-15 has been measured in the serum of 636
                      subjects, who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty between
                      1995 and 1996 (median age 65 years).During a median
                      follow-up of 19.7 years, a total of 402 deaths occurred.
                      GDF-15 was inversely associated with walking distance.
                      Compared to the bottom quartile (Q), subjects within the top
                      quartile of GDF-15 demonstrated a 2.69-fold increased risk
                      of dying (hazard ratio (HR) $(95\%$ confidence interval
                      (CI)) 2.69 (1.82-3.96) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking
                      status, localization of OA, diabetes, maximum walking
                      distance, total cholesterol, and cystatin C. Further
                      adjustment for NT-proBNP, troponin I, and hs-C-reactive
                      protein did not change the results appreciably (HR
                      $(95\%CI)$ 1.56 (1.07-2.28); 1.75 (1.21-2.55); 2.32
                      (1.55-3.47) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 respectively, p for trend <
                      0.001).In subjects with OA, GDF-15 represents a potent
                      predictor of decreased survival over >20 years,
                      independently of conventional CV risk factors, renal,
                      cardiac, and inflammatory biomarkers as well as walking
                      disability, previously associated with increased mortality
                      and lower extremity OA.},
      cin          = {C070 / C120 / HD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C070-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)C120-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)HD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Cancer risk factors and prevention (POF3-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:32993054},
      doi          = {10.3390/jcm9103107},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/163837},
}