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@ARTICLE{Christakoudi:163961,
      author       = {S. Christakoudi and P. Pagoni and P. Ferrari and A. J.
                      Cross and I. Tzoulaki and D. C. Muller and E. Weiderpass and
                      H. Freisling and N. Murphy and L. Dossus and R. T.
                      Fortner$^*$ and A. Agudo and K. Overvad and A. Perez-Cornago
                      and T. J. Key and P. Brennan and M. Johansson and A.
                      Tjønneland and J. Halkjaer and M.-C. Boutron-Ruault and F.
                      Artaud and G. Severi and R. Kaaks$^*$ and M. B. Schulze and
                      M. M. Bergmann and G. Masala and S. Grioni and V. Simeon and
                      R. Tumino and C. Sacerdote and G. Skeie and C. Rylander and
                      K. B. Borch and J. R. Quirós and M. Rodriguez-Barranco and
                      M.-D. Chirlaque and E. Ardanaz and P. Amiano and I. Drake
                      and T. Stocks and C. Häggström and S. Harlid and M.
                      Ellingjord-Dale and E. Riboli and K. K. Tsilidis},
      title        = {{W}eight change in middle adulthood and risk of cancer in
                      the {E}uropean {P}rospective {I}nvestigation into {C}ancer
                      and {N}utrition ({EPIC}) cohort.},
      journal      = {International journal of cancer},
      volume       = {148},
      number       = {7},
      issn         = {1097-0215},
      address      = {Bognor Regis},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Liss},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-02174},
      pages        = {1637-1651},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {2021 Apr 1;148(7):1637-1651},
      abstract     = {Obesity is a risk factor for several major cancers.
                      Associations of weight change in middle adulthood with
                      cancer risk, however, are less clear. We examined the
                      association of change in weight and body mass index (BMI)
                      category during middle adulthood with 42 cancers, using
                      multivariable Cox proportional hazards models in the
                      European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
                      cohort. Of 241 323 participants $(31\%$ men), $20\%$ lost
                      and $32\%$ gained weight (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) during 6.9
                      years (average). During 8.0 years of follow-up after the
                      second weight assessment, 20 960 incident cancers were
                      ascertained. Independent of baseline BMI, weight gain (per
                      one kg/year increment) was positively associated with cancer
                      of the corpus uteri (hazard ratio HR = 1.14; $95\%$
                      confidence interval: 1.05-1.23). Compared to stable weight
                      (+/-0.4 kg/year), weight gain (>0.4 to 5.0 kg/year) was
                      positively associated with cancers of the gallbladder and
                      bile ducts (HR = 1.41; 1.01-1.96), post-menopausal breast
                      (HR = 1.08, 1.00-1.16) and thyroid (HR = 1.40;
                      1.04-1.90). Compared to maintaining normal weight,
                      maintaining overweight or obese BMI (World Health
                      Organization categories) was positively associated with most
                      obesity-related cancers. Compared to maintaining the
                      baseline BMI category, weight gain to a higher BMI category
                      was positively associated with cancers of the
                      post-menopausal breast (HR = 1.19; 1.06-1.33), ovary
                      (HR = 1.40; 1.04-1.91), corpus uteri (HR = 1.42;
                      1.06-1.91), kidney (HR = 1.80; 1.20-2.68) and pancreas in
                      men (HR = 1.81; 1.11-2.95). Losing weight to a lower BMI
                      category, however, was inversely associated with cancers of
                      the corpus uteri (HR = 0.40; 0.23-0.69) and colon
                      (HR = 0.69; 0.52-0.92). Our findings support avoiding
                      weight gain and encouraging weight loss in middle
                      adulthood.},
      cin          = {C020},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)C020-20160331},
      pnm          = {313 - Krebsrisikofaktoren und Prävention (POF4-313)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-313},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33038275},
      doi          = {10.1002/ijc.33339},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/163961},
}