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@ARTICLE{Gillmann:165948,
      author       = {C. Gillmann$^*$ and N. Homolka$^*$ and W. Johnen$^*$ and A.
                      Runz$^*$ and G. Echner$^*$ and A. Pfaffenberger$^*$ and P.
                      Mann$^*$ and V. Schneider$^*$ and A. L. Hoffmann and E.
                      Troost$^*$ and S. A. Koerber and J. Kotzerke and B.
                      Beuthien-Baumann$^*$},
      title        = {{T}echnical note: {ADAM} {PET}er - an anthropomorphic,
                      deformable and multimodality pelvis phantom with position
                      emission tomography extension for radiotherapy.},
      journal      = {Medical physics},
      volume       = {48},
      number       = {4},
      issn         = {2473-4209},
      address      = {College Park, Md.},
      publisher    = {AAPM},
      reportid     = {DKFZ-2020-02497},
      pages        = {1624-1632},
      year         = {2021},
      note         = {2021 Apr;48(4):1624-1632#EA:E040#LA:E010#},
      abstract     = {To develop an anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodal
                      pelvis phantom with positron emission tomography extension
                      for radiotherapy (ADAM PETer).The design of ADAM PETer was
                      based on our previous pelvis phantom (ADAM) and extended for
                      compatibility with PET and use in 3T magnetic resonance
                      imaging (MRI). The formerly manually manufactured silicon
                      organ surrogates were replaced by 3D printed organ shells.
                      Two intraprostatic lesions, four iliac lymph node metastases
                      and two pelvic bone metastases were added to simulate
                      prostate cancer as multifocal and metastatic disease.
                      Radiological properties (computed tomography (CT) and 3T
                      MRI) of cortical bone, bone marrow and adipose tissue were
                      simulated by heavy gypsum, a mixture of Vaseline and K2 HPO4
                      and peanut oil, respectively. For soft tissues, agarose gels
                      with varying concentrations of agarose, gadolinium (Gd) and
                      sodium fluoride (NaF) were developed. The agarose gels were
                      doped with patient-specific activity concentrations of a
                      Fluorine-18 labelled compound and then filled into the 3D
                      printed organ shells of prostate lesions, lymph node and
                      bone metastases. The phantom was imaged at a dual energy CT
                      and a 3T PET/MRI scanner.The compositions of the soft tissue
                      surrogates are the following (given as mass fractions of
                      $agarose[w\%]/NaF[w\%]/Gd[w\%]):$ Muscle (4/1/0.027),
                      prostate (1.35/4.2/0.011), prostate lesions
                      (2.25/4.2/0.0085), lymph node and bone metastases
                      (1.4/4.2/0.025). In all imaging modalities, the phantom
                      simulates human contrast. Intraprostatic lesions appear
                      hypointense as compared to the surrounding normal prostate
                      tissue in T2-weighted MRI. The PET signal of all tumors can
                      be localized as focal spots at their respective site.
                      Activity concentrations of 12.0 kBq/mL (prostate lesion),
                      12.4 kBq/mL (lymph nodes) and 39.5 kBq/mL (bone metastases)
                      were measured.The ADAM PETer pelvis phantom can be used as
                      multimodal, anthropomorphic model for CT, 3T-MRI and PET
                      measurements. It will be central to simulate and optimize
                      the technical workflow for the integration of PET/MRI-based
                      radiation treatment planning of prostate cancer patients.},
      cin          = {E040 / W060 / E010 / DD01},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-He78)E040-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)W060-20160331 /
                      I:(DE-He78)E010-20160331 / I:(DE-He78)DD01-20160331},
      pnm          = {315 - Bildgebung und Radioonkologie (POF4-315)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF4-315},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:33207020},
      doi          = {10.1002/mp.14597},
      url          = {https://inrepo02.dkfz.de/record/165948},
}