000165964 001__ 165964 000165964 005__ 20240229133516.0 000165964 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1055/a-1290-7926 000165964 0247_ $$2pmid$$apmid:33212540 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0015-8151 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0340-1618 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0367-2239 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a0936-6652 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1433-5972 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1438-9010 000165964 0247_ $$2ISSN$$a1438-9029 000165964 037__ $$aDKFZ-2020-02513 000165964 041__ $$aeng 000165964 082__ $$a610 000165964 1001_ $$0P:(DE-He78)4b2dc91c9d1ac33a1c0e0777d0c1697a$$aKaaks, Rudolf$$b0$$eFirst author$$udkfz 000165964 245__ $$aLung Cancer Screening by Low-Dose Computed Tomography - Part 1: Expected Benefits, Possible Harms, and Criteria for Eligibility and Population Targeting [Lungenkrebs-Screening mittels Niedrigdosis-Computertomografie – Teil 1: Erwarteter Nutzen, mögliche Schäden und Kriterien für die Eignung und das Targeting der Bevölkerung]. 000165964 260__ $$aStuttgart [u.a.]$$bThieme$$c2021 000165964 3367_ $$2DRIVER$$aarticle 000165964 3367_ $$2DataCite$$aOutput Types/Journal article 000165964 3367_ $$0PUB:(DE-HGF)16$$2PUB:(DE-HGF)$$aJournal Article$$bjournal$$mjournal$$s1634132529_10604$$xReview Article 000165964 3367_ $$2BibTeX$$aARTICLE 000165964 3367_ $$2ORCID$$aJOURNAL_ARTICLE 000165964 3367_ $$00$$2EndNote$$aJournal Article 000165964 500__ $$a#EA:C020#LA:E010#2021 May;193(5):527-536 000165964 520__ $$aTrials in the USA and Europe have convincingly demonstrated the efficacy of screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a means to lower lung cancer mortality, but also document potential harms related to radiation, psychosocial stress, and invasive examinations triggered by false-positive screening tests and overdiagnosis. To ensure that benefits (lung cancer deaths averted; life years gained) outweigh the risk of harm, lung cancer screening should be targeted exclusively to individuals who have an elevated risk of lung cancer, plus sufficient residual life expectancy. Overall, randomized screening trials show an approximate 20 % reduction in lung cancer mortality by LDCT screening. In view of declining residual life expectancy, especially among continuing long-term smokers, risk of being over-diagnosed is likely to increase rapidly above the age of 75. In contrast, before age 50, the incidence of LC may be generally too low for screening to provide a positive balance of benefits to harms and financial costs. Concise criteria as used in the NLST or NELSON trials may provide a basic guideline for screening eligibility. An alternative would be the use of risk prediction models based on smoking history, sex, and age as a continuous risk factor. Compared to concise criteria, such models have been found to identify a 10 % to 20 % larger number of LC patients for an equivalent number of individuals to be screened, and additionally may help provide security that screening participants will all have a high-enough LC risk to balance out harm potentially caused by radiation or false-positive screening tests. · LDCT screening can significantly reduce lung cancer mortality. · Screening until the age of 80 was shown to be efficient in terms of cancer deaths averted; in terms of LYG relative to overdiagnosis, stopping at a younger age (e. g. 75) may have greater efficiency. · Risk models may improve the overall net benefit of lung cancer screening.· Kaaks R, Delorme S. Lung Cancer Screening by Low-Dose Computed Tomography - Part 1: Expected Benefits, Possible Harms, and Criteria for Eligibility and Population Targeting. 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